badison
JF-Expert Member
- May 29, 2015
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Natanguliza shukrani wasomi Evelyn Richard, University of Dar es Salaam Business School Pamoja Eliamringi Mandari, Bank of Tanzania
Katika utafiti (study) uliochapishwa na chuo kikuu cha dar es salaam juu ya umuhimu wa mobile banking na lengo la kuanzishwa kwake.
Katika utafiti wao walichukua sample ya idadi ya watu 120 ili wapate kugundua ni nini hasa kinawavutia watu kupenda kutumia miamala kwa njia ya simu kupitia mitandao kama mpesa, tigo pesa, airtel money nk.
Kwa mujibu wa data zilizo tolewa na TCRA pamoja na Bank of Tanzania zinaweka wazi kwamba kulikuwa na ongezeko la watumiaji wa miamala ya simu pamoja na faida kubwa kutokana na kuongezeka kwa miamala ya simu.
“number of registered mobile customers surged from 14,000 in June, 2008 to 28.1 million in March, 2014 (TCRA, 2014). The average number of monthly transactions increased from 272,700 in 2009 to 74.9 million in June, 2013 (BOT, 2014); and money stored in mobile accounts increased from Tanzanian shillings (TZS) 3 billion in June, 2009 to TZS 308 billion in March, 2014 (BOT, 2014).”
Hapo juu nimezungumzia kuhusu faida upande wa miamala ya simu nataka niweke hasara bank walizopata kutokana na kukua kwa sim banking kwa mujibu wa hii study ya wasomi hawa wawili.
“However It was noted further that the percentage of those who are excluded from using banking services decreased from 55.3 percent in 2009 to 26.8 percent in 2013, because of the increased use of non-bank formal products from 6.7 percent in 2009 to 43.5 percent in 2013. Despite all these developments in use of mobile phone services and mobile money transfers, usage of banking services and mobile banking, in particular, has remained low in Tanzania.”
Bank zinapata hasara juu ya simu banking sana kwani mapato yao yana shuka pamoja na wateja wao kupungua kwa kiasi kikubwa.
Watumiaji wakubwa sana wa benki ni watu wa tabaka la juu katika miamala yao. Mobile banking ni kwaajili ya watu wa tabaka la kati pamoja na tabaka la chini.
Kinachofanyika hapa ni kuua uchumi wa watu wa tabaka la kati na kuwalazimisha kutumia huduma za benki. Watu wa tabaka la kati nazungumzia wafanya kazi na watumishi. Kinacho fanyika hapa ni kupora uchumi wa watu kutoka mikononi mwao na kuhamishia benki.
Watanzania mjue ongezeko kubwa la kodi hii ni kuwaumiza watu wa kipato cha chini juzi mliongeza mia moja kwenye mafuta sasa tumewapa nchi ya nini sasa,? Nchi inaongozwa na mwanamke alafu mafuta ya kula yanapanda bei. Huruma ipo wapi.
Kutoa shilingi Millioni moja benk gharama yake ni elfu moja mia mbili hadi elfu moja miatano lakini kutoa shilingi milioni moja kwa simu gharama yake ni elfu nane mia tisa (8900). Tunaporwa uchumi wetu wa mkononi halafu banki zinaingia kuendesha maisha yetu. Tunarudishwa nyuma polepole kwani mwakq kesho watapqndishq ten kamq tukikaa kimya.
Watu wa kawaida wanaweza kudhani nachukia mabenki hapana ila kila kizuri kina kasoro. Kiukweli uchumi wa kuyagemea Banki na riba sio kitu kizuri. Kinachofanyika hapa watanzania ni mwanzo wa kutengeneza matabaka mawili. Maskini na matajiri watu wa tabaka la kati ndo mwanzo wa kuvunjwa hapa.
Sababu zilizopelekea kukua kwa sim banking au mobile money ni urahisi wake, kuchukua waakati mfupi, uaminifu wa mtoa huduma, usiri na usalama huwezi kuvamiwa na majambazi labda wakuone unatoka benki, hakuna foleni, makato/gharama ya kuridhisha pamoja na unafuu wa mtoa huduma.
Katika utafiti huo ulio chapishwa na chuo kikuu cha dar es salaam, nanukuu
“Majority of mobile banking services users are those with informal employment. This could be explained by the nature of formal employment absorption in the country. After all, majority of the population is employed by SMEs, which are in the informal sector. However, results showed that the difference in percentage from those with formal employment is small (30 % against 27%). FinScope (2013) shows that 78.6 percent formally employed have/use bank products.”
Kwamba idadi kubwa ya watumiaji miamala ya simu wengi wao hawana ajira rasmi ni watu wanaofanya shughuli kwa muda au kazi ikipatikana leo hana kitu anaomba watu wanamtumia hela m pesa anaishi siku zinae da. Watu walio ajiriwa serikalini au kwenye taasisi na makampuni ndio watumiaji wakubwa wa benki ambao ndio tabaka la kati sababu kubwa ni kuwa mshahara unaingilia bank. Lakini mshahara ukisha ingia anautoa wote anasafishq account na na katika hizo hela zingine anaweka kwenye simu.
Watu wana vikumdi vyao vikoba pesa wanaweka kwenye mobile banki wajikomboe wewe unawarudisha nyuma.
Kwa mujibu wa utafiti huu. Sababu gani zinapelekea sim banking kufa au kupungukiwa na watumiaji? Kwa mujibu
“Rumanyika (2015) used Diffusion Innovation Theory and reviewed literature from 14 papers on obstacles to adopting mobile banking in Tanzania. He (ibid.) used descriptive analysis and identified that theft of mobile handsets, poor network coverage, lack of knowledge of m-banking, high mobile transaction fees, irregular standards of mobile money payments, lack of enough mobile money agents”
Sababu kubwa kati ya hizo ni gharama kubwa katika kufanya miamala.
Mpaka sasa hivi Gavana Benki kuu ya Tanzania yupo ofisini kimya tunasubiri muongozo vipi kuhusu makato mengine mfano kwenye malipo ya serikali, luku dawasco tra huko mmepqndisha pia. Toeni ukakasi juu ya hilo kama na huko kwenye malipo mmepandisha tujue na kama hamja pandisha tujue pia.
Najua sitakiwi kuomba lakini ngoja tu nitoe Ombi langu kwa serikali kuna mtu anaitwa Adam Smith ni mchumi haswa kwenye kibabu chake kinaitwa Wealth of a Nation ameelezea misingi inayopaswa kufuata ili kukusanya kodi yenye baraka kutoka kwa raia kwani kodi zenye malalamiko kama hizi hazina msaada kwa taifa watu wanawachukia.
Msidhani kwamba kukata kodi kubwa kwa watu ndio kuleta maendelea hapana mnazidi tuu kuleta chuki kati yenu na mnao waongoza na hiyo hela ta mkiipata hamtafanyia chochote kuweni na usawa. Nyie ni viongozi simamieni rasilimali za nchi sio kusimamia watu. Au mmetumwa kuwa viranja kwetu?
“taxation should follow the four principles of fairness, certainty, convenience and efficiency. Fairness, in that taxation should be compatible with taxpayers’ conditions, including their ability to pay in line with personal and family needs. Certainty should mean that taxpayers are clearly informed about why and how taxes are levied. Convenience relates to the ease of compliance for the taxpayers: how simple is the process for collecting or paying taxes? Finally, efficiency touches on the collection of taxes: basically put, the administration of tax collection should not negatively affect the allocation and use of resources in the economy, and certainly shouldn’t cost more than the taxes themselves”
Huyu waziri wa fedha mimi simjiu wala sijawahi kumuona ila asitumike vibaya kwenye system kama wewe umesoma tumia taaluma yako kwa weledi. Umepewa hiyo nafasi sio kwamba wewe ni bora kuliko wengine hapana. Umepewa hiyo nafasi kwa lengo kubwa zaidi ya wewe unavyo dhani. Kaa chini tafakari. Aliyekupa hayo mamlaka sio huyo aliye kuchagua.
Kuongeza kodi kwakigezo cha miradi ya maendeleo ni sababu gani hiyo wekeni wazi kuwa hamna ujasiri tena wa kusimamia madini, gesi na rasimimali zingine.
Kuwalimbikizia raia wenzako mzigo wa kodi ikiwa mali wamewapa msimamie ni udhaifu mkubwa sana. Unaacha madini na gesi unakata kodi kwenye miamala ya simu ili uendeshe nchi?
Katika utafiti (study) uliochapishwa na chuo kikuu cha dar es salaam juu ya umuhimu wa mobile banking na lengo la kuanzishwa kwake.
Katika utafiti wao walichukua sample ya idadi ya watu 120 ili wapate kugundua ni nini hasa kinawavutia watu kupenda kutumia miamala kwa njia ya simu kupitia mitandao kama mpesa, tigo pesa, airtel money nk.
Kwa mujibu wa data zilizo tolewa na TCRA pamoja na Bank of Tanzania zinaweka wazi kwamba kulikuwa na ongezeko la watumiaji wa miamala ya simu pamoja na faida kubwa kutokana na kuongezeka kwa miamala ya simu.
“number of registered mobile customers surged from 14,000 in June, 2008 to 28.1 million in March, 2014 (TCRA, 2014). The average number of monthly transactions increased from 272,700 in 2009 to 74.9 million in June, 2013 (BOT, 2014); and money stored in mobile accounts increased from Tanzanian shillings (TZS) 3 billion in June, 2009 to TZS 308 billion in March, 2014 (BOT, 2014).”
Hapo juu nimezungumzia kuhusu faida upande wa miamala ya simu nataka niweke hasara bank walizopata kutokana na kukua kwa sim banking kwa mujibu wa hii study ya wasomi hawa wawili.
“However It was noted further that the percentage of those who are excluded from using banking services decreased from 55.3 percent in 2009 to 26.8 percent in 2013, because of the increased use of non-bank formal products from 6.7 percent in 2009 to 43.5 percent in 2013. Despite all these developments in use of mobile phone services and mobile money transfers, usage of banking services and mobile banking, in particular, has remained low in Tanzania.”
Bank zinapata hasara juu ya simu banking sana kwani mapato yao yana shuka pamoja na wateja wao kupungua kwa kiasi kikubwa.
Watumiaji wakubwa sana wa benki ni watu wa tabaka la juu katika miamala yao. Mobile banking ni kwaajili ya watu wa tabaka la kati pamoja na tabaka la chini.
Kinachofanyika hapa ni kuua uchumi wa watu wa tabaka la kati na kuwalazimisha kutumia huduma za benki. Watu wa tabaka la kati nazungumzia wafanya kazi na watumishi. Kinacho fanyika hapa ni kupora uchumi wa watu kutoka mikononi mwao na kuhamishia benki.
Watanzania mjue ongezeko kubwa la kodi hii ni kuwaumiza watu wa kipato cha chini juzi mliongeza mia moja kwenye mafuta sasa tumewapa nchi ya nini sasa,? Nchi inaongozwa na mwanamke alafu mafuta ya kula yanapanda bei. Huruma ipo wapi.
Kutoa shilingi Millioni moja benk gharama yake ni elfu moja mia mbili hadi elfu moja miatano lakini kutoa shilingi milioni moja kwa simu gharama yake ni elfu nane mia tisa (8900). Tunaporwa uchumi wetu wa mkononi halafu banki zinaingia kuendesha maisha yetu. Tunarudishwa nyuma polepole kwani mwakq kesho watapqndishq ten kamq tukikaa kimya.
Watu wa kawaida wanaweza kudhani nachukia mabenki hapana ila kila kizuri kina kasoro. Kiukweli uchumi wa kuyagemea Banki na riba sio kitu kizuri. Kinachofanyika hapa watanzania ni mwanzo wa kutengeneza matabaka mawili. Maskini na matajiri watu wa tabaka la kati ndo mwanzo wa kuvunjwa hapa.
Sababu zilizopelekea kukua kwa sim banking au mobile money ni urahisi wake, kuchukua waakati mfupi, uaminifu wa mtoa huduma, usiri na usalama huwezi kuvamiwa na majambazi labda wakuone unatoka benki, hakuna foleni, makato/gharama ya kuridhisha pamoja na unafuu wa mtoa huduma.
Katika utafiti huo ulio chapishwa na chuo kikuu cha dar es salaam, nanukuu
“Majority of mobile banking services users are those with informal employment. This could be explained by the nature of formal employment absorption in the country. After all, majority of the population is employed by SMEs, which are in the informal sector. However, results showed that the difference in percentage from those with formal employment is small (30 % against 27%). FinScope (2013) shows that 78.6 percent formally employed have/use bank products.”
Kwamba idadi kubwa ya watumiaji miamala ya simu wengi wao hawana ajira rasmi ni watu wanaofanya shughuli kwa muda au kazi ikipatikana leo hana kitu anaomba watu wanamtumia hela m pesa anaishi siku zinae da. Watu walio ajiriwa serikalini au kwenye taasisi na makampuni ndio watumiaji wakubwa wa benki ambao ndio tabaka la kati sababu kubwa ni kuwa mshahara unaingilia bank. Lakini mshahara ukisha ingia anautoa wote anasafishq account na na katika hizo hela zingine anaweka kwenye simu.
Watu wana vikumdi vyao vikoba pesa wanaweka kwenye mobile banki wajikomboe wewe unawarudisha nyuma.
Kwa mujibu wa utafiti huu. Sababu gani zinapelekea sim banking kufa au kupungukiwa na watumiaji? Kwa mujibu
“Rumanyika (2015) used Diffusion Innovation Theory and reviewed literature from 14 papers on obstacles to adopting mobile banking in Tanzania. He (ibid.) used descriptive analysis and identified that theft of mobile handsets, poor network coverage, lack of knowledge of m-banking, high mobile transaction fees, irregular standards of mobile money payments, lack of enough mobile money agents”
Sababu kubwa kati ya hizo ni gharama kubwa katika kufanya miamala.
Mpaka sasa hivi Gavana Benki kuu ya Tanzania yupo ofisini kimya tunasubiri muongozo vipi kuhusu makato mengine mfano kwenye malipo ya serikali, luku dawasco tra huko mmepqndisha pia. Toeni ukakasi juu ya hilo kama na huko kwenye malipo mmepandisha tujue na kama hamja pandisha tujue pia.
Najua sitakiwi kuomba lakini ngoja tu nitoe Ombi langu kwa serikali kuna mtu anaitwa Adam Smith ni mchumi haswa kwenye kibabu chake kinaitwa Wealth of a Nation ameelezea misingi inayopaswa kufuata ili kukusanya kodi yenye baraka kutoka kwa raia kwani kodi zenye malalamiko kama hizi hazina msaada kwa taifa watu wanawachukia.
Msidhani kwamba kukata kodi kubwa kwa watu ndio kuleta maendelea hapana mnazidi tuu kuleta chuki kati yenu na mnao waongoza na hiyo hela ta mkiipata hamtafanyia chochote kuweni na usawa. Nyie ni viongozi simamieni rasilimali za nchi sio kusimamia watu. Au mmetumwa kuwa viranja kwetu?
“taxation should follow the four principles of fairness, certainty, convenience and efficiency. Fairness, in that taxation should be compatible with taxpayers’ conditions, including their ability to pay in line with personal and family needs. Certainty should mean that taxpayers are clearly informed about why and how taxes are levied. Convenience relates to the ease of compliance for the taxpayers: how simple is the process for collecting or paying taxes? Finally, efficiency touches on the collection of taxes: basically put, the administration of tax collection should not negatively affect the allocation and use of resources in the economy, and certainly shouldn’t cost more than the taxes themselves”
Huyu waziri wa fedha mimi simjiu wala sijawahi kumuona ila asitumike vibaya kwenye system kama wewe umesoma tumia taaluma yako kwa weledi. Umepewa hiyo nafasi sio kwamba wewe ni bora kuliko wengine hapana. Umepewa hiyo nafasi kwa lengo kubwa zaidi ya wewe unavyo dhani. Kaa chini tafakari. Aliyekupa hayo mamlaka sio huyo aliye kuchagua.
Kuongeza kodi kwakigezo cha miradi ya maendeleo ni sababu gani hiyo wekeni wazi kuwa hamna ujasiri tena wa kusimamia madini, gesi na rasimimali zingine.
Kuwalimbikizia raia wenzako mzigo wa kodi ikiwa mali wamewapa msimamie ni udhaifu mkubwa sana. Unaacha madini na gesi unakata kodi kwenye miamala ya simu ili uendeshe nchi?
