Siku za malori Dar zahesabika

BabuK

JF-Expert Member
Jul 30, 2008
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UCHAMBUZI wa Rais John Magufuli kuhusu gharama za ujenzi wa reli ya kisasa, kuwa kilometa moja itagharimu kati ya dola za Marekani milioni 3.5 mpaka milioni nne, umedhihirisha namna siku za foleni za malori katika jiji la Dar es Salaam, zinavyohesabika.

Akizungumza juzi baada ya kumkaribisha mwenyeji wake, Rais wa Rwanda, Paul Kagame Ikulu Dar es Salaam, Rais Magufuli alisema kama hakutakuwa na matatizo ya ufisadi na utoaji wa hongo wa asilimia kumi ili kupata mradi huo; kilometa moja ya reli hiyo ya kisasa itagharimu si zaidi ya dola hizo za Marekani milioni nne.

Kwa mujibu wa Rais Magufuli, tuta la reli inayotumika sasa ndilo litakalotumika kwa ajili ya reli hiyo ya kisasa, hivyo mkandarasi hatokuwa na kazi ya kujenga tuta jipya na jambo linalofanya gharama hizo kuwa hata chini ya dola za Marekani milioni 3.5 kwa kilometa moja.

Katika uchambuzi huo, Rais Magufuli alisema tayari serikali imetenga dola za Marekani milioni 460 sawa na Sh trilioni moja, ambazo kwa hesabu za haraka, fedha hizo zinatosha kujenga zaidi ya kilometa 115 za reli hiyo.

Kwa hesabu hizo, fedha hizo zilizopitishwa na Bunge, zitawezesha mkandarasi kujenga reli hiyo mpaka eneo la Ruvu mkoani Pwani, ambako ni kilometa 70 kutoka jijini Dar es Salaam na kufika mpaka hata Chalinze, ambako ni kilometa 109 kutoka Dar es Salaam.

Malori kuishi Ruvu

Hesabu hizo na kwa uchambuzi huo, Rais Magufuli atakuwa ametuma ujumbe mkali kwa wamiliki wa malori ya usafirishaji wa mizigo kutoka Bandari ya Dar es Salaam, kwenda mikoani na katika nchi mbalimbali zinazopitishia mizigo yake katika bandari hiyo.

Ujumbe huo unatokana na dhamira yake aliyoitoa Aprili 16 mwaka huu, wakati akiweka jiwe la msingi la ujenzi wa barabara ya kwanza ya juu (Flyover) Tanzania, ambayo ujenzi wake ulishaanza katika makutano ya barabara za Mandela na Nyerere eneo la Tazara, kwa ufadhili wa Serikali ya Japan.

Katika hafla hiyo, Rais Magufuli alisema reli hiyo ya kisasa itakapofika Ruvu, kutajengwa bandari kavu kubwa katika eneo hilo ambayo ikikamilika, mizigo yote inayoshuka bandari ya Dar es Salaam, itasafirishwa kwa reli mpaka katika bandari hiyo.

Hatua hiyo ikifikiwa, ambayo kwa uchambuzi wake wa juzi, fedha zilizotengwa zinatosha kuifikia, Rais Magufuli alisema malori yote yanayochukua na kupeleka mizigo katika bandari hiyo, yataishia katika bandari kavu ya Ruvu na kupigwa marufuku kuonekana katika Jiji la Dar es Salaam.

Aidha alisema ili kuepuka wizi wa mizigo, kutafungwa kamera katika njia yote ya reli hiyo ya kisasa mpaka Ruvu, ili kontena linaloshushwa katika Bandari ya Dar es Salaam, lifuatiliwe mpaka katika bandari hiyo.

Barabara za pete

Katika uwekaji huo wa jiwe la msingi, Rais Magufuli alisema Mfuko wa Barabara utatoa fedha za kujenga barabara za pete, zitakazoongeza kasi ya kupunguza msongamano kama si kuumaliza.

Alionya kuwa fedha hizo za Mfuko wa Barabara hazitakiwi kutumika kulipana posho, bali kutengeneza barabara hizo za pete katika halmashauri na kuagiza makandarasi wanaotoa asilimia 10 kwa ajili ya rushwa, wasipewe zabuni bali watafute makandarasi wazuri.

Alisema kilometa 27 za barabara hizo za pete, zimeanza kujengwa na kwa kuwa wabunge wa Dar es Salaam waliopita walisema sana, waliongezewa kilometa nyingine 86 za barabara hizo za pete, zitakazojengwa kwa lami kwa fedha za mfuko huo.

Adhabu kali, msongamano

Katika kudhihirisha dhamira yake ya kuondoa malori hayo, Rais Magufuli aliagiza halmashauri za Dar es Salaam kuweka sheria itakayokataza kupitisha magari yenye tani zaidi ya 56 katika barabara hizo, yakiwemo malori ili barabara hizo zilizokusudiwa kutumika na magari madogo, zisiharibiwe na magari yenye uzito mkubwa.

Akizungumzia miradi hiyo ya kupunguza msongamano, ikiwemo barabara za juu ikiwemo ya Ubungo, Rais Magufuli alisema zitapunguza hasara iliyokuwa ikitokea kwani katika utafiti wa mwaka 2013, ulionesha kuwa Jiji la Dar es Salaam pekee katika mwaka huo lilipoteza Sh bilioni 411.3 katika msongamano wa magari.

Mbali na hasara hiyo iliyooneshwa katika utafiti, Rais Magufuli alisema inawezekana msongamano wa magari Dar es Salaam umesababisha baadhi ya watu kufa kwa kuchelewa kufikishwa hospitalini, baadhi ya ndoa kuvunjika kutokana na kuchelewa kufika nyumbani na kushindwa kujieleza.

Mabasi ya haraka

Akizungumzia hatua zingine za kupunguza msongamano katika jiji hilo, Waziri Mkuu, Kassim Majaliwa, alipokuwa akihitimisha Mkutano wa Tatu wa Bunge la 11 wiki hii, alitangaza kuanza kwa mchakato wa ujenzi wa Awamu ya Pili na Tatu wa Mradi wa Mabasi Yaendayo Haraka (DART).

Kwa mujibu wa Majaliwa, awamu hizo zitahusu barabara ya Mbagala na Gongo la Mboto, ili wananchi wa maeneo hayo waanze kufaidi huduma hizo za mabasi yaendayo haraka.

Alifafanua kuwa awamu hiyo ya tatu na nne, ni sehemu ya awamu sita za mradi huo utakaohusisha barabara zenye urefu wa jumla ya kilometa 130.3 katika jiji hilo.

Maeneo ya Dar es Salaam ambayo yameshaanza kunufaika na Mradi wa Mabasi Yaendayo Haraka ni pamoja na maeneo ya barabara kuu kutoka Kimara Mwisho hadi Kivukoni. Mengine ni yanayopakana na barabara ya Kawawa kuanzia Morocco hadi Magomeni Mapipa na Barabara ya Msimbazi, Kariakoo hadi Gerezani.

Miongoni mwa manufaa hayo ni pamoja na mabasi hayo kutumia muda mfupi usiozidi dakika 45 kwa safari ya kutoka Kivukoni hadi Kimara na kuwezesha abiria kuwahi kwenye shughuli zao za kila siku.

Kabla ya mradi huo kuanza, Waziri Mkuu Majaliwa alisema safari ya aina hiyo ilikuwa inatumia zaidi ya saa mbili. Manufaa mengine ya kiuchumi na kijamii kwa wakazi wanaoishi karibu na barabara ya DART, imebainika wameacha kutumia magari yao binafsi na kuanza kupanda mabasi hayo na kuokoa fedha nyingi za kununulia mafuta ya vyombo vyao vya usafiri.


Chanzo:
Habari Leo
 
Hasabu kila nikipiga haiingii akilini?

Yaani nikipiga bei halisi ya chuma chakavu kwa kilo moja ikapelekwa kiwandani ikachomwa kikatoka chuma cha rail kikatandazwa chini kwa kilometa moja huku na huku yaani pair moja kokoto zipo pale pale tuta lipo pale pale either kuongezea kokoto nyingine au kuweka kokoto zingine mpya na zege ya kubebea rail ni kama ufyatuaji tena tunatumia cement ya Dangote bei rahisi au zile zetu za miaka yote simba,Twiga,Nyati n.k ndani ya zege kuna nondo za milimita kadhaa ukikusanya hizo gharama unapata dollar million 3.5 hadi 4??? nadhani ufundi ndio bei juu kuliko Gharama halisi... au mimi Sielewi siasa?
 
The Real Cost of Chinese Railway Construction in Nigeria


Train in Lagos, Nigeria (photo: Accelerator, Nigeria)
...
For several years, stories about China Civil Engineering and Construction Corp (CCECC)'s $8.3 billion Lagos-Kano railway modernization contract have circulated in Nigeria and in the international press. The editor of Foreign Policy, Moises Naim, for example, mistakenly claimed in the New York Times that China was giving $9 billion in aid to finance this project. (There was actually no aid offered, although a preferential export credit of $500 million was discussed in connection with the railway).

Nigeria's existing, colonial-era railway between Lagos and Kano is far from adequate for a major transportation artery, antiquated, non-standard (narrow) gauge, and single track. However, I've read that CCECC's price for the new railway was "hugely inflated," that the project was hastily delivered to CCECC without proper tendering, and that there was not an inadequate "front end design" and/or feasibility study before awarding the contract.

I've been doing research in Nigeria off and on since 1987. I know that Nigerians are rightly suspicious of any large infrastructure project proposed for their country. They have bitter experience of money being "eaten", cost overruns, and white elephants. Was the CCECC project, recently scaled back, fated to be another in this long line?

Several weeks ago, Professor Richard Joseph sent me a photocopy of a fascinating full page ad published by CCECC in the Guardian (Lagos) on June 18, 2008, in which CCECC defended their 2006 contract, in particular the claim in the June 15, 2008 Sunday Punch (Lagos) that the contract was "inflated by $5.8bn" and should have cost $2.5bn.

CCECC contends that:
  • An initial feasibility study for the project was produced by the Nigerian branch of the international engineering firm Julius Berger together with an Italian firm, TEAM Consultants, in 2001. CCECC says they also conducted a "detailed feasibility study" before they participated in a limited tender, and an environmental impact assessment after the contract was awarded.
  • They produced 4 possible designs for the railway: (1) Rehabilitation of existing narrow gauge, single track for $1.76 billion; (2) Rehabilitation plus 2nd new narrow gauge, double track for $6.7 billion; (3) New, standard gauge, single track line for $5.81 billion; (4) New standard gauge, double track except Abuja-Kaduna, for $8.3 billion.
  • In April 2006, along with two other (unnamed) "pre-qualified companies", CCECC was invited to submit tender documents, which they did in June 2006 (yes, this does seem hasty).
  • Their costs were very reasonable.
Let's look into the cost issue further.

An important Chatham House report cited an interview with an unnamed World Bank official in Abuja, May 2008, who said that $3.04m per km was "double the cost it should have been." The report noted that a review by the Yar A'dua administration "discovered the costs to be highly inflated" but they didn't question the reports of this review. If the costs were "double" then this implies that the proper cost should have been around $1.52m per km.

CCECC claimed that their bid for the double-track railway, at US$3.04 million per km, was low compared with the "international average construction cost of US$3.50m per km". (The railway distance is 1315 km. For a double track, this makes 2703 km x $3.04 or $8.22bn.)

As I read all this, I wondered: what do we know about railway construction costs? Is there any way to shed light on these various claims? I turned to Google.

I learned that costs per km are affected by a number of things, including materials, the terrain, and so on. But there is actually plenty of information on this online if one wanted to check general ballpark figures for reasonable costs of railway construction.

For example, news reports on a number of projects at the Railway Gazette website give costs, including a project financed in 2009 by the Asian Development Bank in Afghanistan: a 75km project for $170m, or $2.26m per km (single-track).

In 2008, Libya began a railway project, a standard gauge, double-track line awarded to Russian Railways, for a cost of 2.2 bn Euros ($2.8 billion) for 554 km, or $5m per km. Libya later signed a contract in 2009 with China Railway Construction Corporation for $805m for 172 km of railway on the Tripoli-Ras Edjer line ($4.7m per km).

A January 6, 2009 article in the Guardian (Lagos) by Moses Ebosele, "Lack of Policy Trails Nigerian Railway in 2008," quoted from a World Bank study (for Nigeria?) which "estimated capital cost of conversion from the present narrow gauge railway to standard gauge at between $1.5m and $5.0m per route km." Averaging these would give us $3.25m per km. (This doesn't say whether the standard gauge would be single or double-track.)

Here in Washington, DC, I found that our fancy new Dulles Airport Aerotrain cost $1.5 billion for only 3.8 miles (6.12km), or US$245.0m per km! Of course this is an extremely nice train. We're very happy with it.

Clearly without knowing the specifics of the Lagos-Kano line, it's hard to say which estimate is the most reasonable, or even whether the entire project was a good idea or not. But this little survey suggests that the contract costs of $3.04m per km in the CCECC contract do not look out of line.

Indeed, in November 2009, CCECC and a new Nigerian administration signed a new contract. This contract is for a shorter, 200km stretch of railway between Abuja and Kaduna. This new project is estimated to cost $876 million, or $4.38m per km. The $500 million preferential export credit from China Eximbank will be applied to this project.

Whatever the details of the new contract, it's clear that three years and much negotiation later, the cost per km rose rather than fell. Which is what one would expect, given inflation.
But perhaps Nigerians with access to the inside story will have a different view of all this?
 
Hasabu kila nikipiga haiingii akilini?

Yaani nikipiga bei halisi ya chuma chakavu kwa kilo moja ikapelekwa kiwandani ikachomwa kikatoka chuma cha rail kikatandazwa chini kwa kilometa moja huku na huku yaani pair moja kokoto zipo pale pale tuta lipo pale pale either kuongezea kokoto nyingine au kuweka kokoto zingine mpya na zege ya kubebea rail ni kama ufyatuaji tena tunatumia cement ya Dangote bei rahisi au zile zetu za miaka yote simba,Twiga,Nyati n.k ndani ya zege kuna nondo za milimita kadhaa ukikusanya hizo gharama unapata dollar million 3.5 hadi 4??? nadhani ufundi ndio bei juu kuliko Gharama halisi... au mimi Sielewi siasa?
Reli haijengwi na chuma chakavu ndugu... nenda kasome tena
 
Wanasema ni uungwana kusifia mazuri.
Hapa uchwara kafanya jambo la maana.
 
Incurring cost on rehabilitating and reconstructing railway to present standards needs to be looked upon as a necessity than a mere alternative to road transport. Looking at cost per km of transportation this will bring down cost to a small fraction of road transport. Road transport has got to be viewed as supplementary to rail transport. If we consider that a train may carry, say 50 wagons at a time, this should be equivalent to at least 25 heavy duty semi trailers exceeding 50 tons each. If we are able to have electric powered railway, the cost per ton / km will be very much less, particularly when we are having our own source of fuel, gas for that. But for that we need our manpower - engineers, skilled labor. We need our educational and training institutions to do this job. Railways in East Africa have been having their own workshops and training facilities. This constituent of our railways should be greatly reinforced. Our focus should be to increase rail transport steadily and consistently do whatever is required to be done to make it the prime source of transportation. This is bound to strengthen our economy and a vital step in our march to medium income level nation, which really, is among the richest nations in terms of resources because of our strategic location in the Great Rift Valley. But nothing in this world is free. If we do not prudently utilize our resources by ourselves and leave this job for others, we shall not have sweated for it and we shall get peanuts out of it. We enter into symbiotic relationships with friendly nations who are willing to do business such that we get the kind of railways we want within the defined time frame whereby those who accept this business deal also benefit in a fair manner for a win - win situation. The only way to achieve this is to worship work. Hapa kazi tu.
 
Hili ni jambo jema.na naliunga mkono. Malori yamekuwa.chqnzo.cha ajali na foleni. Thumbs Up JPM kwa hili.
 
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