Ni ipi tafsiri ya maneno O-rejeshi na aina za kauli mbalimbali katika lugha ya kiingereza

[Von Bismarck]

Kama kichwa kinavyo jieleza, ningependa kujifahamu jinsi maneno haya yanavyo tumika katika lugha ya kiingereza

Katika kiswahili matumizi ya O-rejeshi (o,ye,lo,po,ko,mo,zo n.k) kama
ataka-ye- kuja
Ana-cho-pata
Wali-o-fika
Zili-zo-mo
Swali, Je?
O-rejeshi katika lugha ya kiingereza wanaitaje(urejeshi kwa kiingereza).

Na mazingira ya kutumika ni sawa au nitofauti katika kiingereza na kiswahili?

B. Kauli hizi kwa kiingereza tunaziitaje?

i. Kauli ya kutenda( mtenda)
ii. Kauli ya kutendeana
iii. Kauli ya kutendeka
iv. Kauli ya kutendwa( mtendwa)
V. Kauli ya kutendesha

Karibuni kwa majibu!

 

[Ahmad Abdurahman]

Active and passive voice.

 

[Von Bismarck]

Active and passive voice.

Ongezea nyama na utumbo kidogo mkuu

 

[Auz]

Kama kichwa kinavyo jieleza, ningependa kujifahamu jinsi maneno haya yanavyo tumika katika lugha ya kiingereza

Katika kiswahili matumizi ya O-rejeshi (o,ye,lo,po,ko,mo,zo n.k) kama
ataka-ye- kuja
Ana-cho-pata
Wali-o-fika
Zili-zo-mo
Swali, Je?
O-rejeshi katika lugha ya kiingereza wanaitaje(urejeshi kwa kiingereza).

Na mazingira ya kutumika ni sawa au nitofauti katika kiingereza na kiswahili?

B. Kauli hizi kwa kiingereza tunaziitaje?

i. Kauli ya kutenda( mtenda)
ii. Kauli ya kutendeana
iii. Kauli ya kutendeka
iv. Kauli ya kutendwa( mtendwa)
V. Kauli ya kutendesha

Karibuni kwa majibu!

Hapa wanahitajika waalimu wa lugha. Maana hata hicho ulichoandika kwa Kiswahili sielewi ni nini kinazumgumziwa, kwa Kiingereza itakuwa nadanganya umma kama sio mimi mwenyewe

 

[mary1990]

They are called relative pronouns in English. Since there are no noun classes (ngeli) in English, they do not change depending on the noun as they do en English, but following the meaning:

ataka-ye- kuja: (the one) who will come
Ana-cho-pata: which he/she gets
Wali-o-fika: (the ones) who/that arrived
Zili-zo-mo: which are there

Beware that in these examples "who" and "which" are NOT the interrogative particles, since these are NOT questions.

Relative pronouns refer to some other clause (usually previous) in the sentence. For instance,

Mtu atakayekuja atanikuta hapa: the person who will come will find me here.

You can also find "where" in this kind of sentences when refering to a place:

Hujui unapoenda: you don't know where you are going.

Kuhusu kauli au vinyambuo vya vitenzi, pia ni kitu ambacho hakipo katika lugha ya Kiingereza, isipokuwa kauli tendwa, ambayo ni passive
form:

Ukuta umepakwa rangi [tendwa] -> the wall has been painted [passive]

Lakini passive form ya Kiingereza mara nyingine inaweza kuwa kauli tendewa ya Kiswahili:

Nimeambiwa siri [tendewa] -> I have been told a secret [passive]

Kauli tendana can be translated by adding "each other" after the verb:
Wanapigana -> the beat each other

Lakini huwezi kufanya hivyo kama kiima ni mmoja:
Nimeonana na Steve -> I have met/seen Steve

Kauli tendesha kawaida inakuwa periphrastic, yaani kitenzi kisaidizi ambacho kawaida ni "to make" (kusababisha au kuwezesha):
Nimemwimbisha Paul -> I made Paul sing

Lakini nisisitize kwamba kwa kuwa kauli za vitenzi hazipo katika sarufi ya Kiingereza, maelezo haya niliyotoa hayatoshi na hayawezi kutumika mara zote. Inabidi kuona case by case.