Sheria ya Ndoa: Maswali na majibu mbalimbali

m-bongotz said:
Kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Ndoa ya Tanzania..Act No. 5 of 1971 [CAP 29 RE:2002]

Kifungu cha 9 cha sheria hii kimeifafanua ndoa kama ifuatavyo.


Unapozungumzia mke katika ndoa ni yule ambaye mmefunga naye ndoa halali kwa mujibu wa sheria ya ndoa ya Tanzania.

Mtu ambaye umezaa naye tu bila kufunga ndoa huyo si mkeo bali ni hawara (concubine), kuzaa nae hakufanyi uhusiano wenu kuwa na hadhi ya ndoa, hivyo ukitaka mtambulike kama wanandoa ni lazima mfuate taratibu za kufunga ndoa kama sheria inavyotaka.

Talaka inatolewa na mahakama kwa wale ambao ni wanandoa halali tu (wenye cheti cha ndoa) lakini hata hivyo kifungu cha 160(1) cha sheria hii kinasema hivi;



Kwa kutumia kifungu hiki basi, kama mmeishi chini ya paa moja kwa muda wa miaka miwili au zaidi na jamii inayowazunguka imekuwa ikiwatambua nyie kama wanandoa mahakama inaweza kuleta dhana ya ndoa kati yenu, lakini hii haitosaidia kupata talaka isipokuwa tu kama kuna chochote unachostahili kutokana na kuishi kwenu pamoja muda wote huo dhana hii inaweza kukusaidia kupata haki yako.
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well said learned bro/sis
 
Naomba kama kuna watu humu ndani wanazijua sheria zinazohusu talaka hapa tanzania.wanifafanulie kidogo.

Je, kuna sheria moja kuhusu mgawanyo wa mali kwa ndoa zote, I mean za Kiislam, Kikristo na za serikali?

Je, kuna sheria kuhusu pre nuptial agreement?

Je, watu wakiwa wa dini tofauti mali zinagawanywa vipi?

Je, mtu akiwa mfano ana kampuni yenye thamani ya milioni kumi na akafunga ndoa,na akaja kuachana na mwenzie wakati mali zimekuwa bilioni kumi kwa mfano?

Je, mali zinagawanywa vipi?


Wanaojua wanieleweshe.
 
Kwa upande wa mgawanyo wa mali baada ya talaka Sheria ya Ndoa ya Mwaka 1971 imeelezea katika Kifungu cha 114 kama ifuatavyo:

"114. Power of court to order division of matrimonial assets
(1) The court shall have power, when granting or subsequent to the grant of a decree of separation or divorce, to order the division between the parties of any assets acquired by them during the marriage by their joint efforts or to order the sale of any such asset and the division between the parties of the proceeds of sale.
(2) In exercising the power conferred by subsection (1), the court shall have regard–
(a) to the customs of the community to which the parties belong;
(b) to the extent of the contributions made by each party in money, property or work towards the acquiring of the assets;
(c) to any debts owing by either party which were contracted for their joint benefit; and
(d) to the needs of the infant children, if any, of the marriage,
and subject to those considerations, shall incline towards equality of division.
(3) For the purposes of this section, references to assets acquired during the marriage include assets owned before the marriage by one party which have been substantially improved during the marriage by the other party or by their joint efforts."

Katika kuelezea kifungu hicho Mahakama ya Rufani katika Kesi ya Bi Hawa Muhamed v. Ally Seif [1983] TLR 32 (CA) iliangalia "contribution" ya kila mwanandoa katika mgawanyo wa mali. Mahakama ilienda mbali zaidi kwa kusema kwamba hata zile kazi za "ugolikipa" za nyumbani zinachangia katika mali za familia! Katika ukurasa wa 44 Mahakama ilisema, pamoja na mambo mengine, kama ifuatavyo:

"Guided by this objective of the Act, we are satisfied that the "joint efforts" and "work towards the acquiring of the assets" have to be construed as embracing the domestic "efforts" or "work" of husband and wife."
 
Swali moja hujajibu. Kuna sheria ya pre nuptial agreement hapa Bongo?
 
Kwenye kipengele cha pre nuptial agreement - itakapofikia wanandoa hao wameingia mkataba kabla ya kuoana au wakati wameoana lazima mkataba huo uonyeshe kuwa walidhamiria nguvu za kisheria na sheria ya mkataba ndio itakayotumika endapo wanandoa hao wataachana na swala linalobishaniwa waliliweka bayana kwenye mkataba kuwa utakuwa na nguvu za kisheria. Vinginevyo wakikubaliana kienyeji makubaliano ya wanandoa yanatambulika ni kama "social contract" - maswala ya kijamii hivyo hakutakua na kudaina ila mahakama itaangalia mgawanyo kwa kufuata sheria ya ndoa kama alivyosema msemaji aliyepita. Kama nitakuwa nimekosea wengine watarekebisha. Kwani mwenzetu uko kwenye process ya kuoa? au ya ku - divorce?
 
The Boss said:
swali moja hujajibu...
kuna sheria ya pre nuptial agreement hapa bongo????????
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Katika Sheria ya Ndoa kuna kitu kinaitwa "Presumption of Marriage." Kifungu cha 160 (1) cha Sheria ya Ndoa kinasema kama ifuatavyo:
"160. Presumption of marriage
(1) Where it is proved that a man and woman have lived together for two years or more, in such circumstances as to have acquired the reputation of being husband and wife, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that they were duly married."

Na ikitokea kwamba walioishi pamoja kabla ya ndoa wakaachana kifungu cha 160 (2) kinasema kama ifuatavyo:
"(2) When a man and a woman have lived together in circumstances which give rise to a presumption provided for in subsection (1) and such presumption is rebutted in any court of competent jurisdiction, the woman shall be entitled to apply for maintenance for herself and for every child of the union on satisfying the court that she and the man did in fact live together as husband and wife for two years or more, and the court shall have jurisdiction to make an order or orders for maintenance and, upon application made therefor either by the woman or the man, to grant such other reliefs, including custody of children, as it has jurisdiction under this Act to make or grant upon or subsequent to the making of an order for the dissolution of a marriage or an order for separation, as the court may think fit, and the provisions of this Act which regulate and apply to proceedings for, and orders of, maintenance and other reliefs shall, in so far as they may be applicable, regulate and apply to proceedings for and orders of maintenance and other reliefs under this section."

Kwa upande wa kugawana mali kwa watu waliokaa ukimada (concubinage) Mahakama Kuu katika Kesi ya Hoka Mbofu v. Pastory Mwijage [1983] TLR 286 katika ukurasa wa 288 kama ifuatavyo:
"The whole claim has been made outside the Marriage Act and without requiring its assistance in order to be legally blessed. The claim is maintainable under customary law because there is no mention of section 160(1) of the Marriage Act in the whole trial. Rule 93 and 94 of Local Customary Law (Declaration) order of Government Notice Number 279 of 1963 are applicable in this case. Rule 93 authorises the property acquired during concubinage association to be divided between the parties if they decide to part company and section 94 sets out the manner in which the property shall be divided."
 
The Boss said:
Duh kwa hiyo hata bila kuoa unaweza gawana mali????????????
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Hapa suala ni "contribution" katika kuchuma mali bila kujali kama mmeoana au la! Rejea Kesi ya Hoka Mbofu v. Pastory Mwijage [1983] TLR 286 katika Post #09 hapo juu!
 
Sasa buchanan na kama nimeoa mfano mmarekani au muingereza
sheria inatumika ya wapi?
 
The Boss said:
Sasa buchanan na kama nimeoa mfano mmarekani au Muingereza
sheria inatumika ya wapi?
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Kama umeoa ukiwa Tanzania na pia mkeo amekana uraia wa Uingereza au Marekani (kwa maana nyingine ni Mtanzania, na uraia wa nchi mbili sio halali kwa Tanzania), then Sheria za Tanzania zitatumika! Kama umeoa ukiwa Uingereza au Marekani Sheria za nchi hizo zitatumika! Hebu toa scenario vizuri ili nikupatie jibu ambalo ni more accurate!
 
Ok mfano nimeenda soth africa na nikaoa huko, nikaja nae tukaishi Tanzania, mali zangu zipo Tanzania na South Africa.

Nimemuoa nikiwa na mali ya tsh milioni kumi.
Namuacha nikiwa na mali ya tsh bilioni kumi.
Alikuwa housewife.

Tukiachana hapi inakuwaje?
 
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