Jifunze English tenses kwa Kiswahili

[Psiteshio72]

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Somo la 1

(SECTION A; TENSES IN THE ACTIVE VOICE )

(A)Simple Tenses ,:

1. Simple Past Tense ( ‘li’)
- Wakati huu huongelea jambo lililofanyika na kukamilika mara moja wakati uliopita.
Mifano ; tulikuja ,walitembea, alicheza.
- Wakati huu huashiriwa na silabi ‘li’ ambayo hufanya tutambue kuwa tunaongelea jambo lililofanyika mara moja na likamalizika kufanyika katika wakati uliopita. Hii silabi ‘li’ ni lazima iunganishwe na kitendo moja kwa moja kabla ya kitendo. Mfano ; ‘Tuliimba’, tofauti na ‘Tulikuwa tunaimba’ ambapo ‘li’ imefuatiwa na kifungu ‘kuwa’ na sio kitendo. Katika maneno ‘tulikuwa tunaimba’, kitendo ‘imba’ kimetanguliwa na ‘na’ na sio ‘li’ kwa hivyo maneno hayo hayapo katika wakati huu wa Simple Past Tense, ‘li’.

Kanuni za kutumia Simple Past Tense ‘li’

a) Sentensi za taarifa/kutoa taarifa
Katika wakati huu, huwa tunapoelezea jambo tunatanguliza mtendaji wa jambo, (I/We/You/They/He/She/It) kisha tunafuatisha kitendo moja kwa moja kikiwa katika umbo la wakati uliopita.
Mfano ; - kitenda ‘enda’ ni ‘go’. Umbo lake la wakati uliopita, yaani ‘-lienda’ ni ‘went’. Tutatanguliza mtendaji wa jambo kisha tufuatishe neno ‘went’.

Sentensi za mifano;
- Juma alienda. ………. Juma went.
- Tulienda. ……… We went.
- Basi liliondoka. ……. The bus left.
- Nilicheza. ……. I played.
- Uliimba. ….. You sang.
- Walikimbia. ….. They ran.
- Maria alipika. ……. Maria cooked.
NB : Hatuweki kitu chochote katikati mwa mtendaji na kitendo.

b) Kuuliza maswali katika Simple Past Tense

- Maswali katika wakati huu huanzia na neon ‘did’. ‘Did’ ikitumika ni lazima kitendo kiwe katika umbo la kawaida kwa sababu ‘did’ ina ‘li’ ndani yake hivyo ‘li’ nyingine haihitajiki. Ina maana hiyo ‘did’ tayari imeshawakilisha wakati uliopita.
- ‘Did’ hufuatwa na nafasi inayouliziwa swali.
Mifano ya tafsiri :
- ‘Did Juma _______ ?’ …….. ‘Je, Juma ali______?’
- ‘Did they _______ ?’ ………. ‘Je, wao wali______ ?’

Sentesi za mifano :

1. Did Juma go?
Je, Juma ali enda ?

Jibu ; ( Hapana, hakuenda)…..( Kukanusha)
No, he didn’t go.
Au ; ( Ndio, alienda)…. Kukubali
Yes, he went.

2. Did she cook?
Je, alipika?

Jibu ; ( Hapana, hakupika)…..Kukanusha
No, she didn’t cook.
Au ; Ndio, alipika….. (Kukubali)
Yes, she cooked.

** katika kitabu kuna michoro ambayo inaonyesha tafsiri ya moja kwa moja ya kila kipengele cha sentensi kutoka kiswahili hadi kingereza ila hapa hatujaionyesha.

NB ; Tukiongeza neno ‘did’ katikati mwa jibu la kukubali, huwa ni kuweka msisitizo kama vile ambavyo kwa Kiswahili huwa tunaandisha sauti ili kuweka msisistizo ila sasa kwa Kingereza sauti haipandishwi ila msisitizo upo pale pale.

Mifano ; 1. Did Juma go ? …… Je, Juma alienda?
- Yes, he did go. ….. Ndio, alienda! (KWA MSISITIZO)

2. Did they cook? …….. Je, walipika?
- Yes, they did cook. …… Ndio, walipika! (KWA MSISITIZO)

NB ; Tunapokanusha sentensi kwa kutumia ‘did not’/ ‘didn’t’ , huwa hatutumii kitendo kikiwa katika umbo la wakati uliopita maana ile ‘did’ inakuwa imeshawakilisha wakati uliopita (‘li’ ambayo kinume chake ni ‘haku’) kwa hivyo hatuhitaji wakati uliopita kwa mara ya pili. Tukitumia umbo la wakati uliopita pia kwa kuuliza swali lililoanzia na ‘did’ pia tunakuwa tumeweka ‘li’ mbili katika sentensi, jambo ambalo sio sahihi.

Mifano ; 1. She didn’t went yesterday. ( Badala ya ‘She didn’t go yesterday.’)
Haku lienda jana. ( Badala ya ‘Hakuenda jana.’)

Au; 2. Did she went yesterday?
( Badala ya ‘Did she go yesterday?’)

- Je, yeye ali lienda jana?
( Badala ya ‘Je, yeye alienda jana?)

 

[Donking7]

OK ndugu kikanuni wala siyo tatizo kuandika simple present tense au present simple tense. kama umesoma stylistic au old English inaweza kukuta expressions kama hizi. my child = child of mine, don't dare = dare not, not obey= obey not, etc.

 

[el_magnefico]

Je,"Yanga huwa wanacheza vizuri" itakuaje katika kiingereza.

Does Yanga play well?
Do Yanga play well?

 

[Deodatus maran]

mkuu kuna maneno yananishindaga kuyaweka kwenye kiingerza

mfano, nilikuja sikukukuta,

I not found you

 

[princemikazo]

Haina makosa mkuu

Ina makosa chalii..angalia neno "school"ameandika halina "L"mwishoni..sasa schoo ndo nini??

 

[princemikazo]

Mkuu elewa hivi:-
The word "found" is a simple past tense of the word "find"
The verb "did" is also a simple past tense of the verb "do"
So kwenye sentence ukishatumia simple past verb the next verb should be in simple present tense! For instance....
"I came but i didn't find you"! Or
"I came but didn't see you! NOT
" I came but i did not found you"!
"I came but i did not saw you "!
These all are incorrect sentences.
Back to the thread.....
Nilikuja lakini sikukukuta, inakuwa kama-:
I came but i didn't find you.
(nilikuja lakini sikukukuta).
I came but i didn't see you.
(nilikuja lakini sikukuona).
I came but you were absent.
(nilikuja lakini ulikuwa hupo).
I came but you were not around.
(Nilikuja lakini ulikuwa hupo).
And lots of sentences of the like!!
Well shared!!

Mkuu umesema I came but you WERE not around/absent,..Nataka kujua kwanini umetumia "Were"linaloashiria wingi na sio"Was"sababu ambae hukumkuta ni mtu mmoja??