Kuntakinte
JF-Expert Member
- May 26, 2007
- 701
- 31
Waungwana katika pita pita yangu nimekutana na makala moja iliyoandaliwa na jamaa zetu wa USA.
Kwa mujibu wa ripoti iitwayo International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, iliyotolewa hivi karibuni na Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya nchi hiyo, kisiwa cha Jersey ni moja ya maeneo yaliyo rahisi kwa biashara haramu ya fedha na ambako wanasiasa na viongozi wengi wa umma hupata mwanya wa kuweka fedha zao 'haramu.'
Tanzania
Tafakari kisha Jadili kuhusu "Vijisenti"
Inapatikana hapa.
http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2006/vol2/html/62145.htm
Kwa mujibu wa ripoti iitwayo International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, iliyotolewa hivi karibuni na Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya nchi hiyo, kisiwa cha Jersey ni moja ya maeneo yaliyo rahisi kwa biashara haramu ya fedha na ambako wanasiasa na viongozi wengi wa umma hupata mwanya wa kuweka fedha zao 'haramu.'
Tanzania
HAIWEZEKANI KWA WAZEE WANAOONA MABILIONI NI VIJISENTI.Tanzania is not considered an important regional financial center, but it is vulnerable to money laundering because of the weaknesses of its financial institutions and law enforcement capabilities. A weak financial sector and an under-trained, under-funded law enforcement apparatus make money laundering difficult to track and prosecute. Officials suspect that some real estate and used car businesses are used for money laundering purposes. Government officials have also cited the emerging casino industry as an area of concern for money laundering. Money laundering is even more likely to occur in the informal non-bank financial sector, as the formal sector is still relatively undeveloped. Front companies used to launder funds include hawaladars and bureaux de change, especially on the island of Zanzibar, where fewer federal regulations apply. Officials indicate that money laundering schemes in Zanzibar generally take the form of foreign investment in the tourist industry and bulk cash smuggling. The most likely sources of illicit funds include Asia and the Middle East, and to a lesser extent Europe. Such transactions rarely include significant amounts of U.S. currency.
The Proceeds of Crime Act of 1991 criminalizes narcotics-related money laundering. However, the Act does not adequately define money laundering, and it has only been used to prosecute corruption cases. The law obliges financial institutions to maintain records of financial transactions exceeding 100,000 shillings (approximately $109) for a period of 10 years.
Current law does not include banker negligence laws. If the institution has reasonable grounds to believe that a transaction relates to money laundering, it may communicate this information to the police for investigation, although such reporting is not required. The Central Bank, the Bank of Tanzania (BOT), (Wazushi wengine hawa)has issued regulations requiring financial institutions to file suspicious transaction reports (STRs), but this requirement is not being enforced, and no mechanism currently exists for receiving and analyzing the STRs.
The 2002 Prevention of Terrorism Act criminalizes terrorist financing. It also requires all financial institutions to inform the government each quarter as to whether any of their assets or transactions may be associated with a terrorist group, although the implementing regulations for this provision have not yet been drafted. Under the Act, the government may seize assets associated with terrorist groups. The BOT circulates to Tanzanian financial institutions the names of suspected terrorists and terrorist organizations on the UNSCR 1267 Sanction Committees consolidated list, but to date no assets have been frozen under this provision. The Government of Tanzania (GOT) did take action in 2004 against one charitable organization on the list by closing its offices and deporting its foreign directors. However, it is not clear whether Tanzania has the investigative capacity to identify and seize related assets. Tanzania has cooperated with the U.S. in investigating and combating terrorism and exchanging counterterrorism information. There are no specific laws in place allowing Tanzania to exchange record with the U.S. on narcotics transactions and narcotics-related money laundering.
The GOT became a party to the UN International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism in 2003. Tanzania is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention. It has not yet signed the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Tanzania is a member of the Eastern and Southern African Anti-Money Laundering Group (ESAAMLG). The GOT continues to play a leading role in the operation of this FATF-style regional body and has detailed personnel to the ESAAMLG Secretariat, located in donated office space in Dar Es Salaam. Tanzania also continues to host the annual ESAAMLG task force meetings.
Tanzania has created a multi-disciplinary committee on money laundering and a drafting committee that has prepared new anti-money laundering (AML) legislation. A Tanzanian Ministry of Finance (MOF) official stated in August 2004 that the drafting committee was in the process of receiving comments on the language of its draft bill from various stakeholders, and that the bill would likely be presented to the Parliament in January 2005. However, the GOT delayed tabling the AML legislation in Parliament. The national multi-disciplinary committee, established with the help of ESAAMLG, revised the draft AML bill from January through May 2005, gaining additional stakeholder input. In May 2005, the Committee presented the AML legislation to the Cabinet for approval. According to officials from the MOF and the BOT, the Cabinet failed to approve and send the AML bill to Parliament due to time constraints and focus on the 2005 national elections. Representatives from the multi-disciplinary committee are hopeful that the legislation will be tabled in Parliament as early as February 2006. Among its other provisions, the proposed legislation provides for the creation of a financial intelligence unit (FIU) that will collect mandatory suspicious transaction reporting from financial institutions and will be empowered to share this information with other FIUs and foreign law enforcement agencies.
Money laundering controls and reporting requirements are not currently applied to non-bank financial institutions, such as cash couriers, casinos, hawaladars and bureaux de change. The draft AML bill includes the expansion of money laundering controls to cover such institutions. Currently, the BOT supervises bureaux de change through annual audits and inspections, while the National Gaming Authority supervises casinos and other gaming activities involving large sums of money, including lotteries. There are no legal requirements for non-bank financial institutions to report suspicious transactions. There are currently no cross-border currency reporting requirements, even for cash couriers, although the Proceeds of Crime Act does characterize cash smuggling as a "predicate offense." The draft AML bill includes strengthened provisions to criminalize cash smuggling in and out of Tanzania.
The Government of Tanzania should finally enact and implement the anti-money laundering law that has been under review for several years. It should continue to work through the Eastern and Southern African Anti-Money Laundering Group (ESAAMLG) to establish the financial intelligence unit (FIU) mandated in the draft law and to otherwise develop a comprehensive anti-money laundering regime that comports with international standards. It should become a party to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.
Tafakari kisha Jadili kuhusu "Vijisenti"
Inapatikana hapa.
http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2006/vol2/html/62145.htm
olitics, Corruption and Money Laundering in Tanzania An Unholy Trinity
