UTATA: Tido akanusha kwenda Al Jazeera

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bibikuku

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Feb 16, 2011
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TIDO HAJAENDA AL JAZEERA

Aliyekuwa Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa TBC, Bw. Dunstan Tido Mhando, hajachukuliwa na Al Jazeera, kituo cha habari cha kimataifa chenye makao yake mkuu jijini Doha, Qatar, Globu ya Jamii inaweza kuthibitisha.

Uchunguzi wetu wa kina kufuatia habari hizo kuchapishwa katika mitandao ya jamii kwa muda wa wiki mbili sasa unaonesha Al Jazeera sio tu hawajamchukua Tido bali pia yeye mwenyewe hajaomba kushika wadhifa huo.

Vyanzo vyetu vya habari vilivyo karibu kabisa na Tido vinasema yeye mwenyewe ameshangazwa na uvumi huo ulioanzishwa na mtandao wa Jackal News wa nchini Kenya kwamba Tido Mhando na Joseph Warungu, maveterani wa BBC, wamehamia Al Jazeera.

Vyanzo hivyo vimehoji kwamba Al Jazeera kikiwa ni chombo makini cha kimataifa kisingekuwa na haja kutangaza hadharani nafasi za kazi kadhaa ikiwamo hiyo ya Ukurugenzi wa idhaa yake mpya ya Kiswahili katika Afrika Mashariki endapo kama wangekuwa wameshampata Tido.

Vimesema vyanzo hivyo kwamba hivi sasa Tido yuko mbioni kufungua kampuni yake binafsi na wala hana mpango wowote wa kwenda Al Jazeera ama chombo kingine chochote.

"Endapo kama vyombo vilivyovumisha mambo haya vingekuwa makini vingemfuata Tido mwenyewe kujua ukweli wa mambo," vimesema vyanzo vyetu vya habari.

Tido, ambaye alimaliza mkataba wake na kuondoka TBC mwishoni mwa mwaka jana, amekuwa hasikiki na mara ya mwisho kuonekana hadharani ilikuwa wiki mbili zilizopita kwenye msiba wa mke wa Mzee Mikidadi Mahmoud. Juhudi za wanahabari kutaka aongee siku hiyo hazikuzaa matunda.

Leo Globu ya Jamii imeweza kuongea na Tido Mhando, naye kathibitisha kwamba yuko njia moja kufungua kampuni yake binfasi, ambayo hakuitaja jina wala kutoa tarehe za kuanza kazi na kazi aina gani. Naye alionesha kushangazwa habari zinazomhusu yeye kuhamia Al Jazeera na kukataa kuongelea kitu alichokiita uvumi usio na ukweli.

Globu ya Jamii pia ilizungumza na mratibu wa nafasi za kazi zilizotangazwa kwa idhaa yake mpya ya Swahili Service, naye kaoneshwa kushangazwa nan habari hizo, akisisitiza kwamba si rahisi wao kutangaza nafasi ambayo keshapewa mtu.

Ila amekiri kupokea mombi mengi sana toka wanahabari wa Afrika Mashariki na kusisitiza kuwa hawezi kusema kuwa jina la Tido limo ama la kwani muda wa kuchambua maombi bado haujatimia. "Muda utapowadia mtatangaziwa kila kitu", alisema.

SOURCE: mICHUZI bLOG.
 
Tido akipata hiyo nafasi asiiche kukimbilia media house yake akae akijua game huku bado si rahisi sana ukiizingatia magamba bado wana hasira nae kuwapunguzia sana kura na baadhi majimbo kukosa kabisa
 
Michuzi na ccm lao moja! Ile habari nakumbuka ilikuwa ni oficial na yenye kujuza kwa mapana yote!!
 
Nadhani Tido ni mtu mwenye uelewa hawezi kwenda kukanushia pale Michuzi! Ni sawa Dr Slaa atake kuzungumza na watz kisha aite magazeti ya Risasi na kiu!
 
Hata ningekuwa mimi, kazi naanza mwezi Octoba, leo nianze kukubali kuwa nimepata kazi.....fitna ??? endelea kukanusa TIDO wasije wakakuzulia kuwa wewe sio raia. Subiri ukiwa umeshakamilisha kusaini mikataba next week
 
Haya bana ngoja tusubiri tuone Aljazeera watamweka nani na Tido akianza ujasiriamali
 
Tido anaweza kukanusha kulingana na mazingira ya kazi hiyo na matakwa yake binafsi!
Al jazeera ni chombo kisicho na longolongo, hata mitandao ya kenya haina ujinga wa ki michuzimichuzi na ki ccmccm!

Huu uswahili,unafiki na majungu ndivyo vinavyo zikimbiza fursa nyingi za kimatifa zenye mafaa kwa wapenda amani! Badala yake tunapata Richmond,dowans,syimbion,Meremeta,Shimbo,kagoda nk!!!
 
Mh! Am a bit dissapointed..I really wanted TIDO to get tht job

So hata hiyo ya Kibonde kupata sports slot is a hoax ?!
 
Al Jazeera ni nini?
Ni mtandao wa habari ulioanzishwa na Mfalme wa Qatar kwa makusudio ya kupambana na vitisho vya saudi Arabia na UAE, nchi ambazo zikipata nafasi zinaweza kukimeza ka-nchi cha Qatar. Madhumuni mengine ni kupendeza sura ya Mfalme Hamad kwa Wamarekani, baada ya kufanya mapinduzi na kumpindua baba yake, aliyekuwa kipenzi cha Wamarekani na Wasaudi (bado anaishi saudia na anaweza kutumiwa wakati wowote!)
Shirika hili sasa lina kampeni ya kupindua serikali za Kimaendeleo katika nchi za Kiarabu kama vile Libya na Syria. Qatar ina uhusiano mkubwa na Israel na ndiyo kituo kikuu cha jeshi la Maji na nchi kavu la Marekani katika ghuba.
Kampeni hizo zinazotangazwa na Al Jazeera (angalau ya Kiarabu) kuwa ni za kuleta Demokrasia, wakati Qatar yenyewe haina hata bunge....ni ya kiimla zaidi kuliko Syria!
Sijui Mfalme huyu, ambaye kwa kweli anaongozwa na mkewe Moza, ana madhumuni gani kwa Afrika Mashariki na Ya Kati. Ngoja tuone! Ila Mwafrika hafikirii...ana shabikia tu!
 
Sijali said:
Al Jazeera ni nini?&lt;br /&gt;<br />
Ni mtandao wa habari ulioanzishwa na Mfalme wa Qatar kwa makusudio ya kupambana na vitisho vya saudi Arabia na UAE, nchi ambazo zikipata nafasi zinaweza kukimeza ka-nchi cha Qatar. Madhumuni mengine ni kupendeza sura ya Mfalme Hamad kwa Wamarekani, baada ya kufanya mapinduzi na kumpindua baba yake, aliyekuwa kipenzi cha Wamarekani na Wasaudi (bado anaishi saudia na anaweza kutumiwa wakati wowote!)&lt;br /&gt;<br />
Shirika hili sasa lina kampeni ya kupindua serikali za Kimaendeleo katika nchi za Kiarabu kama vile Libya na Syria. Qatar ina uhusiano mkubwa na Israel na ndiyo kituo kikuu cha jeshi la Maji na nchi kavu la Marekani katika ghuba.&lt;br /&gt;<br />
Kampeni hizo zinazotangazwa na Al Jazeera (angalau ya Kiarabu) kuwa ni za kuleta Demokrasia, wakati Qatar yenyewe haina hata bunge....ni ya kiimla zaidi kuliko Syria!&lt;br /&gt;<br />
Sijui Mfalme huyu, ambaye kwa kweli anaongozwa na mkewe Moza, ana madhumuni gani kwa Afrika Mashariki na Ya Kati. Ngoja tuone! Ila Mwafrika hafikirii...ana shabikia tu!
Click to expand...
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Usipotoshe wasiojua mkuu:<br />
<br />
Al Jazeera<br />
<br />
This article is about the TV network and channel. For the English-language channel, see Al Jazeera English. For the unrelated magazine, see Aljazeera Publishing and aljazeera.com. For other uses, see Jazira.<br />
<br />
Al Jazeera<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Type<br />
<br />
Country<br />
<br />
First air*date<br />
<br />
Availability<br />
<br />
Headquarters<br />
<br />
Owner<br />
<br />
Key people<br />
<br />
Sheikh Hamad bin Thamer Al Thani, Chairman<br />
Wadah Khanfar, Director-General<br />
Ahmed Sheikh, Editor-in-chief<br />
<br />
Established<br />
<br />
1 November 1996<br />
<br />
Launch*date<br />
<br />
1 November 1996<br />
<br />
Official website<br />
<br />
http://www.aljazeera.net/<br />
<br />
Aljazeera Satellite Channel<br />
<br />
?<br />
<br />
Launched<br />
<br />
1 November 1996<br />
<br />
Owned by<br />
<br />
Al Jazeera<br />
<br />
Qatar<br />
<br />
Broadcast area<br />
<br />
Qatar<br />
<br />
Headquarters<br />
<br />
Doha, Qatar<br />
<br />
Al Jazeera (Arabic: ???????? al-?az?rah IPA:*[æl d?æ?zi?r?], literally &quot;The Island&quot;, abbreviating &quot;The [Arabian] Peninsula&quot;)[note] (also Aljazeera or JSC [Jazeera Satellite Channel]) is an independent broadcaster owned by the state of Qatar through the Qatar Media Corporation and headquartered in Doha, Qatar. Initially launched as an Arabic news and current affairs satellite TV channel, Al Jazeera has since expanded into a network with several outlets, including the Internet and specialty TV channels in multiple languages. Al Jazeera is accessible in several world regions.<br />
<br />
The original Al Jazeera channel's willingness to broadcast dissenting views, for example on call-in shows, created controversies in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The station gained worldwide attention following the September*11,*2001 attacks, when it was the only channel to cover the war in Afghanistan live from its office there.[citation*needed] It has also recently been acclaimed for its in-depth coverage of the Arab Spring of revolutions which continues to this day.<br />
<br />
History<br />
<br />
Launch<br />
<br />
Aljazeera Satellite Channel was launched on 1 November 1996 following the closure of the BBC's Arabic language television station, a joint venture with a Qatar Media Corporation company. It had fallen apart after a year and a half when the Saudi government attempted to kill a documentary on executions under sharia law.[1]<br />
<br />
The Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa, provided a loan of QAR 500 million ($137 million) to sustain Aljazeera through its first five years, as Hugh Miles detailed in his book Aljazeera The Inside Story of the Arab News Channel That Is Challenging the West. Shares were held by private investors as well as the Qatar government.<br />
<br />
According to Miles, the Emir had been contemplating a satellite channel even before he deposed his father the previous year. A free press complemented his vision of the emirate as a center of commercial development and progress.<br />
<br />
Sheikh Hamad bin Thamir Al Thani, previously Qatar's Deputy Minister of Information, was chairman of the enterprise, although Aljazeera maintained editorial independence. It was hoped the channel would break even in five years through sales of advertising, news feeds and programs, as well as equipment rental. Much of the staff came from the 250 journalists displaced by the closure of BBC Arabic.<br />
<br />
Aljazeera's first day on the air was 1 November 1996. It offered 6-hour of programming per day; this would increase to 12-hour by the end of 1997. It was broadcast to the immediate neighborhood as a terrestrial signal, on cable, as well as through satellites (which was also free to users in the Arab world). Ironically, notes Miles, Qatar (like many other Arab countries) barred private individuals from having satellite dishes until 2001.<br />
<br />
At the time of Aljazeera's launch, Arabsat was the only satellite broadcasting to the Middle East, and for the first year could only offer Aljazeera a weak Ku-band transponder that needed a large satellite dish for reception. A more powerful C-band transponder became available after its user, Canal France International, accidentally beamed 30 minutes of pornography into ultraconservative Saudi Arabia.<br />
<br />
Aljazeera was not the first such broadcaster in the Middle East; a number had appeared since the Arabsat satellite, a Saudi Arabia-based venture of 21 Arab governments, took orbit in 1985. The unfolding of Operation Desert Storm on CNN International underscored the power of live television in current events. While other local broadcasters in the region would assiduously avoid material embarrassing to their home governments (Qatar had its own official TV station as well), Aljazeera was pitched as an impartial news source and platform for discussing issues relating to the Arab world.<br />
<br />
In presenting &quot;The opinion and the other opinion&quot; to which the Arabic script in the network's logo refers, it did not take long for Aljazeera to shock local viewers by presenting the Israeli speaking Hebrew on Arab TV for the first time, according to Miles. Lively and far-ranging talk shows, particularly a popular, confrontational one called The Opposite Direction, were a constant source of controversy regarding issues of morality and religion. This prompted a torrent of criticism from the conservative voices among the region's press. It also led to official complaints and censures from neighboring governments. Some jammed Aljazeera's terrestrial broadcast or booted its correspondents. In 1999, the Algerian government reportedly cut power to several major cities to censor one broadcast. There were also commercial repercussions; Saudi Arabia reportedly pressured advertisers to avoid the channel, to great effect. Aljazeera was also becoming a favorite sounding board for militant groups such as Hamas and Chechen separatists. A source told Miles the range of complaints helped cancel out any allegations of bias.<br />
<br />
Aljazeera was the only international news network to have correspondents in Iraq during the Operation Desert Fox bombing campaign in 1998. In a precursor of a pattern to follow, its exclusive video clips were highly prized by Western media.<br />
<br />
Around the clock<br />
<br />
?<br />
<br />
Al Jazeera English newsroom<br />
<br />
January 1, 1999 was Aljazeera's first day of 24-hour broadcasting. Employment had more than tripled in one year to 500 employees, and the agency had bureaus at a dozen sites as far as Europe and Russia. Its annual budget was estimated at about $25 million at the time.<br />
<br />
However controversial, Aljazeera was rapidly becoming one of the most influential news agencies in the region. Eager for news beyond the official versions of events, Arabs became dedicated viewers. A 2000 estimate pegged nightly viewership at 35 million, ranking Aljazeera first in the Arab world, over the Saudi Arabia-sponsored Middle East Broadcasting Centre (MBC) and London's Arab News Network (ANN). There were about 70 satellite or terrestrial channels being broadcast to the Middle East, most of them in Arabic. Aljazeera launched a free Arabic language web site in January 2001. In addition, the TV feed was soon available in United Kingdom for the first time via British Sky Broadcasting.<br />
<br />
Post-9/11<br />
<br />
Aljazeera came to the attention of many in the West during the hunt for Osama bin Laden after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. The station aired videos it received from Osama bin Laden and the Taliban, deeming new footage of the world's most wanted fugitives to be newsworthy. Some criticized the network, however, for giving a voice to terrorists. Aljazeera's Washington, D.C. bureau chief compared the situation to that of the Unabomber's messages in The New York Times. The network said it had been given the tapes merely because it had a large Arab audience.<br />
<br />
The rest of the world's television networks were eager to acquire the same footage. According to Miles, CNN International had exclusive rights for six hours before other networks could broadcast it (a provision that was broken by the others on at least one controversial occasion). Prime Minister Tony Blair soon appeared on an Aljazeera talk show to state Britain's case for pursuing the Taliban into Afghanistan.<br />
<br />
Aljazeera's prominence was heightened during the war in Afghanistan since it had opened a bureau in Kabul before 9/11. This gave it better video than the others scrambling to cover the invasion, clips that sold for as much as $250,000. The Kabul office was destroyed, however, by United States bombs in 2001. Aljazeera then opened bureaus in other trouble spots, noted Miles, looking to stay ahead of the future conflicts.<br />
<br />
According to Miles, the network remained dependent on government support in 2002, having a budget of $40 million and ad revenues of about $8 million. It also took in fees for sharing its news feed with other networks. It was estimated to have up to roughly 45 million viewers around the world. Aljazeera soon had to contend with a new rival, Al-Arabiya, an offshoot of the MBC, set up in nearby Dubai with generous Saudi backing.<br />
<br />
2003 Iraq War<br />
<br />
Before and during the United States-led invasion of Iraq, where Aljazeera had a presence since 1997, the network's facilities and footage were again highly sought by international networks. The channel and its web site also were seeing unprecedented attention from viewers looking for alternatives to Embedded reporting and military press conferences.<br />
<br />
Aljazeera moved its sports coverage to a new, separate channel in 1 November 2003, allowing for more news and public affairs programming on the other one. An English language web site had launched earlier in the year. The channel had about 1,300 to 1,400 employees, its newsroom editor told The New York Times. There were 23 bureaus around the world and 70 foreign correspondents, with 450 journalists in all.<br />
<br />
On 1 April 2003, a United States plane fired on Aljazeera's Baghdad bureau, killing reporter Tareq Ayyoub. The attack was called a mistake.

Aljazeera English

Aljazeera launched an English language channel, originally called Aljazeera International, in 2006. Among its staff were journalists hired from ABC's Nightline and other top news outfits. Josh Rushing, a former media handler for CentComm during the Iraq war, agreed to provide commentary; Sir David Frost was also on board. In an interesting technical feat, the broadcast of the new operation was handed off between bases in Qatar, London, Washington, D.C., and Kuala Lumpur on a daily cycle.

The new English language venture faced considerable regulatory and commercial hurdles in the North America market for its perceived sympathy with extremist causes. At the same time, others felt Aljazeera's competitive advantage lay in programming in the Arabic language. There were hundreds of millions of potential viewers among the non-Arabic language speaking Muslims in Europe and Asia, however, and many others who might be interested in seeing news from the Middle East read by local voices. If the venture panned out, it would extend the influence of Aljazeera, and tiny Qatar, beyond even what had been achieved in the station's first decade. In an interesting twist of fate, the BBC World Service was preparing to launch its own Arabic language station in 2007.

Organisation

The original Al Jazeera channel was started in 1 November 1996 by an emiri decree with a loan of 500 million Qatari riyals (US$137 million) from the Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa.[2][3] By its funding through loans or grants rather than direct government subsidies, the channel claims to maintain independent editorial policy.[4][5] The channel began broadcasting in late 1996, with many staff joining from the BBC World Service's Saudi-co-owned Arabic language TV station, which had shut down in 1 April 1996 after two years of operation because of censorship demands by the Saudi Arabian government.[6]

Following the initial grant from the Emir of Qatar, Al Jazeera had aimed to become self-sufficient through advertising by 2001, but when this failed to occur, the Emir agreed to several consecutive loans[3] on a year-by-year basis (US$30 million in 2004,[7] according to Arnaud de Borchgrave). Other major sources of income include advertising, cable subscription fees, broadcasting deals with other companies, and sale of footage.[8] In 2000, advertising accounted for 40% of the station's revenue.[9]

The Al Jazeera logo is a decorative representation of the network's name written using Arabic calligraphy. It was selected by the station's founder, Emir of Qatar Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa, as the winning entry in a design competition.[10]

Staff

?

Wadah Khanfar, Director General of the Al Jazeera Network

The Chairman of Al Jazeera is Sheikh Hamad bin Thamer Al Thani, a distant cousin of Qatari Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani.

Al Jazeera recently restructured its operations to form a Network that contains all their different channels. Wadah Khanfar, the managing director of the Arabic Channel was appointed as the Director General of the Al Jazeera Network. He also acts as the Managing Director of the Arabic channel.

The Editor-in-Chief of the Arabic website is Mustafa Soug who replaced Ahmed Sheikh. It has more than 100 editorial staff.

The managing director of Al Jazeera English is Al Anstey. The Editor-in-Chief of the English-language site is Mohamed Nanabhay who has run the site since 2009. Previous editors have included Beat Witschi and Russell Merryman.

Prominent on-air personalities include Faisal al-Qassem, host of the talk show The Opposite Direction, Ahmed Mansour, host of the show Unlimited (bi-la hudud) and Sami Haddad.

Reach

Many governments in the Middle East deploy state-run media or government censorship to impact local media coverage and public opinion, leading to international objections regarding press freedom and biased media coverage.[11] Many people see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels. Some scholars and commentators use the notion of contextual objectivity,[12] which highlights the tension between objectivity and audience appeal, to describe the station's controversial yet popular news approach.[13] As a result, it is probably the most watched news channel in the Middle East.[citation*needed]

Increasingly, Al Jazeera's exclusive interviews and other footage are being rebroadcast in American, British, and other western media outlets such as CNN and the BBC. In January 2003, the BBC announced that it had signed an agreement with Al Jazeera for sharing facilities and information, including news footage.[14]

Al Jazeera's availability (via satellite) throughout the Middle East changed the television landscape of the region. Prior to the arrival of Al Jazeera, many Middle Eastern citizens were unable to watch TV channels other than state-controlled national TV stations. Al Jazeera introduced a level of freedom of speech on TV that was previously unheard of in many of these countries. Al Jazeera presented controversial views regarding the governments of many Gulf Arab states, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar; it also presented controversial views about Syria's relationship with Lebanon, and the Egyptian judiciary. Critics accused Al Jazeera of sensationalism in order to increase its audience share. Al Jazeera's broadcasts have sometimes resulted in drastic action: for example, when, on 27 January 1999, critics of the Algerian government appeared on the channel's live program El-Itidjah el-Mouakass ("The Opposite Direction"), the Algerian government cut the electricity supply to large parts of the capital Algiers (and allegedly also to large parts of the country), to prevent the program from being seen.[11][12][15] At that time, Al Jazeera was not yet generally known in the Western world, but where it was known, opinion was often favourable[16] and Al Jazeera claimed to be the only politically independent television station in the Middle East. However, it was not until late 2001 that Al Jazeera achieved worldwide recognition, when it broadcast video statements by al-Qaeda leaders.[17]

Some observers have argued that Al Jazeera has formidable authority as an opinion-maker. Noah Bonsey and Jeb Koogler, for example, writing in the Columbia Journalism Review, argue that the way in which the station covers any future Israeli-Palestinian peace deal could well determine whether or not that deal is actually accepted by the Palestinian public.[18]

The channel’s tremendous popularity has also, for better or worse, made it a shaper of public opinion. Its coverage often determines what becomes a story and what does not, as well as how Arab viewers think about issues. Whether in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, or Syria, the stories highlighted and the criticisms aired by guests on Al Jazeera’s news programs have often significantly affected the course of events in the region.

In Palestine, the station’s influence is particularly strong. Recent polling indicates that in the West Bank and Gaza, Al Jazeera is the primary news source for an astounding 53.4 percent of Palestinian viewers. The second and third most watched channels, Palestine TV and Al Arabiya, poll a distant 12.8 percent and 10 percent, respectively. The result of Al Jazeera’s market dominance is that it has itself become a mover and shaker in Palestinian politics, helping to craft public perceptions and influence the debate. This has obvious implications for the peace process: how Al Jazeera covers the deliberations and the outcome of any negotiated agreement with Israel will fundamentally shape how it is viewed—and, more importantly, whether it is accepted—by the Palestinian public.

Al Jazeera's broad availability in the Arab world "operat[ing] with less constraint than almost any other Arab outlet, and remain[ing] the most popular channel in the region", has been perceived as playing a part in the 2010–2011 Middle East and North Africa protests, including the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions. The New York Times stated in January 2011: "The protests rocking the Arab world this week have one thread uniting them: Al Jazeera, [...] whose aggressive coverage has helped propel insurgent emotions from one capital to the next". The newspaper quoted Marc Lynch, a professor of Middle East Studies at George Washington University: “They did not cause these events, but it’s almost impossible to imagine all this happening without Al Jazeera”.[19]

Expansion outside the Middle East

Main article: Al Jazeera English

In 2003, Al Jazeera hired its first English-language journalists, among whom was Afshin Rattansi,[20] from the BBC's Today Programme.

In March 2003, it launched an English-language website[21] (see below).

On 4 July 2005 Al Jazeera officially announced plans to launch a new English-language satellite service to be called Al Jazeera International.[22] The new channel started at 12h GMT on 15 November 2006 under the name Al Jazeera English and has broadcast centers in Doha (next to the original Al Jazeera headquarters and broadcast center), London, Kuala Lumpur and Washington D.C. The channel is a 24-hour, 7-days-a-week news channel, with 12 hours broadcast from Doha, and four hours each from London, Kuala Lumpur, and Washington D.C.

With Al Jazeera's growing global outreach and influence, some scholars including Adel Iskandar have described the station as a transformation of the very definition of "alternative media."[23]

As of 2007, the Arabic Al Jazeera channel rivals the BBC in worldwide audiences with an estimated 40 to 50 million viewers.[24] Al Jazeera English has an estimated reach of around 100 million households.[25]

On November 26, 2009, Al Jazeera English received approval from the CRTC, which enables Al Jazeera English to broadcast via satellite in Canada.[26]

On September 22, 2010, Al Jazeera purchased a broadcasting station in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and is set to begin broadcasting in January 2011.[27]

On 11 February 2011, the Turkish government approved the sale of the TV channel "Cine5" to Al-Jazeera. Cine5 television station has been administered by a government-run fund since its owner's business ran into economic trouble. Al-Jazeera paid USD$40.5 million for Cine5 TV channel in an auction. Al Jazeera said it planned to launch a news channel in Turkey.
 
Jason bourne said:
&lt;br /&gt;<br />
&lt;br /&gt;<br />
Usipotoshe wasiojua mkuu:<br />
<br />
Al Jazeera<br />
<br />
This article is about the TV network and channel. For the English-language channel, see Al Jazeera English. For the unrelated magazine, see Aljazeera Publishing and aljazeera.com. For other uses, see Jazira.<br />
<br />
Al Jazeera<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Type<br />
<br />
Country<br />
<br />
First air*date<br />
<br />
Availability<br />
<br />
Headquarters<br />
<br />
Owner<br />
<br />
Key people<br />
<br />
Sheikh Hamad bin Thamer Al Thani, Chairman<br />
Wadah Khanfar, Director-General<br />
Ahmed Sheikh, Editor-in-chief<br />
<br />
Established<br />
<br />
1 November 1996<br />
<br />
Launch*date<br />
<br />
1 November 1996<br />
<br />
Official website<br />
<br />
http://www.aljazeera.net/<br />
<br />
Aljazeera Satellite Channel<br />
<br />
?<br />
<br />
Launched<br />
<br />
1 November 1996<br />
<br />
Owned by<br />
<br />
Al Jazeera<br />
<br />
Qatar<br />
<br />
Broadcast area<br />
<br />
Qatar<br />
<br />
Headquarters<br />
<br />
Doha, Qatar<br />
<br />
Al Jazeera (Arabic: ???????? al-?az?rah IPA:*[æl d?æ?zi?r?], literally &quot;The Island&quot;, abbreviating &quot;The [Arabian] Peninsula&quot;)[note] (also Aljazeera or JSC [Jazeera Satellite Channel]) is an independent broadcaster owned by the state of Qatar through the Qatar Media Corporation and headquartered in Doha, Qatar. Initially launched as an Arabic news and current affairs satellite TV channel, Al Jazeera has since expanded into a network with several outlets, including the Internet and specialty TV channels in multiple languages. Al Jazeera is accessible in several world regions.<br />
<br />
The original Al Jazeera channel's willingness to broadcast dissenting views, for example on call-in shows, created controversies in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The station gained worldwide attention following the September*11,*2001 attacks, when it was the only channel to cover the war in Afghanistan live from its office there.[citation*needed] It has also recently been acclaimed for its in-depth coverage of the Arab Spring of revolutions which continues to this day.<br />
<br />
History<br />
<br />
Launch<br />
<br />
Aljazeera Satellite Channel was launched on 1 November 1996 following the closure of the BBC's Arabic language television station, a joint venture with a Qatar Media Corporation company. It had fallen apart after a year and a half when the Saudi government attempted to kill a documentary on executions under sharia law.[1]<br />
<br />
The Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa, provided a loan of QAR 500 million ($137 million) to sustain Aljazeera through its first five years, as Hugh Miles detailed in his book Aljazeera The Inside Story of the Arab News Channel That Is Challenging the West. Shares were held by private investors as well as the Qatar government.<br />
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According to Miles, the Emir had been contemplating a satellite channel even before he deposed his father the previous year. A free press complemented his vision of the emirate as a center of commercial development and progress.<br />
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Sheikh Hamad bin Thamir Al Thani, previously Qatar's Deputy Minister of Information, was chairman of the enterprise, although Aljazeera maintained editorial independence. It was hoped the channel would break even in five years through sales of advertising, news feeds and programs, as well as equipment rental. Much of the staff came from the 250 journalists displaced by the closure of BBC Arabic.<br />
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Aljazeera's first day on the air was 1 November 1996. It offered 6-hour of programming per day; this would increase to 12-hour by the end of 1997. It was broadcast to the immediate neighborhood as a terrestrial signal, on cable, as well as through satellites (which was also free to users in the Arab world). Ironically, notes Miles, Qatar (like many other Arab countries) barred private individuals from having satellite dishes until 2001.<br />
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At the time of Aljazeera's launch, Arabsat was the only satellite broadcasting to the Middle East, and for the first year could only offer Aljazeera a weak Ku-band transponder that needed a large satellite dish for reception. A more powerful C-band transponder became available after its user, Canal France International, accidentally beamed 30 minutes of pornography into ultraconservative Saudi Arabia.<br />
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Aljazeera was not the first such broadcaster in the Middle East; a number had appeared since the Arabsat satellite, a Saudi Arabia-based venture of 21 Arab governments, took orbit in 1985. The unfolding of Operation Desert Storm on CNN International underscored the power of live television in current events. While other local broadcasters in the region would assiduously avoid material embarrassing to their home governments (Qatar had its own official TV station as well), Aljazeera was pitched as an impartial news source and platform for discussing issues relating to the Arab world.<br />
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In presenting &quot;The opinion and the other opinion&quot; to which the Arabic script in the network's logo refers, it did not take long for Aljazeera to shock local viewers by presenting the Israeli speaking Hebrew on Arab TV for the first time, according to Miles. Lively and far-ranging talk shows, particularly a popular, confrontational one called The Opposite Direction, were a constant source of controversy regarding issues of morality and religion. This prompted a torrent of criticism from the conservative voices among the region's press. It also led to official complaints and censures from neighboring governments. Some jammed Aljazeera's terrestrial broadcast or booted its correspondents. In 1999, the Algerian government reportedly cut power to several major cities to censor one broadcast. There were also commercial repercussions; Saudi Arabia reportedly pressured advertisers to avoid the channel, to great effect. Aljazeera was also becoming a favorite sounding board for militant groups such as Hamas and Chechen separatists. A source told Miles the range of complaints helped cancel out any allegations of bias.<br />
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Aljazeera was the only international news network to have correspondents in Iraq during the Operation Desert Fox bombing campaign in 1998. In a precursor of a pattern to follow, its exclusive video clips were highly prized by Western media.<br />
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Around the clock<br />
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Al Jazeera English newsroom<br />
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January 1, 1999 was Aljazeera's first day of 24-hour broadcasting. Employment had more than tripled in one year to 500 employees, and the agency had bureaus at a dozen sites as far as Europe and Russia. Its annual budget was estimated at about $25 million at the time.<br />
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However controversial, Aljazeera was rapidly becoming one of the most influential news agencies in the region. Eager for news beyond the official versions of events, Arabs became dedicated viewers. A 2000 estimate pegged nightly viewership at 35 million, ranking Aljazeera first in the Arab world, over the Saudi Arabia-sponsored Middle East Broadcasting Centre (MBC) and London's Arab News Network (ANN). There were about 70 satellite or terrestrial channels being broadcast to the Middle East, most of them in Arabic. Aljazeera launched a free Arabic language web site in January 2001. In addition, the TV feed was soon available in United Kingdom for the first time via British Sky Broadcasting.<br />
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Post-9/11<br />
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Aljazeera came to the attention of many in the West during the hunt for Osama bin Laden after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. The station aired videos it received from Osama bin Laden and the Taliban, deeming new footage of the world's most wanted fugitives to be newsworthy. Some criticized the network, however, for giving a voice to terrorists. Aljazeera's Washington, D.C. bureau chief compared the situation to that of the Unabomber's messages in The New York Times. The network said it had been given the tapes merely because it had a large Arab audience.<br />
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The rest of the world's television networks were eager to acquire the same footage. According to Miles, CNN International had exclusive rights for six hours before other networks could broadcast it (a provision that was broken by the others on at least one controversial occasion). Prime Minister Tony Blair soon appeared on an Aljazeera talk show to state Britain's case for pursuing the Taliban into Afghanistan.<br />
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Aljazeera's prominence was heightened during the war in Afghanistan since it had opened a bureau in Kabul before 9/11. This gave it better video than the others scrambling to cover the invasion, clips that sold for as much as $250,000. The Kabul office was destroyed, however, by United States bombs in 2001. Aljazeera then opened bureaus in other trouble spots, noted Miles, looking to stay ahead of the future conflicts.<br />
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According to Miles, the network remained dependent on government support in 2002, having a budget of $40 million and ad revenues of about $8 million. It also took in fees for sharing its news feed with other networks. It was estimated to have up to roughly 45 million viewers around the world. Aljazeera soon had to contend with a new rival, Al-Arabiya, an offshoot of the MBC, set up in nearby Dubai with generous Saudi backing.<br />
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2003 Iraq War<br />
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Before and during the United States-led invasion of Iraq, where Aljazeera had a presence since 1997, the network's facilities and footage were again highly sought by international networks. The channel and its web site also were seeing unprecedented attention from viewers looking for alternatives to Embedded reporting and military press conferences.<br />
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Aljazeera moved its sports coverage to a new, separate channel in 1 November 2003, allowing for more news and public affairs programming on the other one. An English language web site had launched earlier in the year. The channel had about 1,300 to 1,400 employees, its newsroom editor told The New York Times. There were 23 bureaus around the world and 70 foreign correspondents, with 450 journalists in all.<br />
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On 1 April 2003, a United States plane fired on Aljazeera's Baghdad bureau, killing reporter Tareq Ayyoub. The attack was called a mistake.

Aljazeera English

Aljazeera launched an English language channel, originally called Aljazeera International, in 2006. Among its staff were journalists hired from ABC's Nightline and other top news outfits. Josh Rushing, a former media handler for CentComm during the Iraq war, agreed to provide commentary; Sir David Frost was also on board. In an interesting technical feat, the broadcast of the new operation was handed off between bases in Qatar, London, Washington, D.C., and Kuala Lumpur on a daily cycle.

The new English language venture faced considerable regulatory and commercial hurdles in the North America market for its perceived sympathy with extremist causes. At the same time, others felt Aljazeera's competitive advantage lay in programming in the Arabic language. There were hundreds of millions of potential viewers among the non-Arabic language speaking Muslims in Europe and Asia, however, and many others who might be interested in seeing news from the Middle East read by local voices. If the venture panned out, it would extend the influence of Aljazeera, and tiny Qatar, beyond even what had been achieved in the station's first decade. In an interesting twist of fate, the BBC World Service was preparing to launch its own Arabic language station in 2007.

Organisation

The original Al Jazeera channel was started in 1 November 1996 by an emiri decree with a loan of 500 million Qatari riyals (US$137 million) from the Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa.[2][3] By its funding through loans or grants rather than direct government subsidies, the channel claims to maintain independent editorial policy.[4][5] The channel began broadcasting in late 1996, with many staff joining from the BBC World Service's Saudi-co-owned Arabic language TV station, which had shut down in 1 April 1996 after two years of operation because of censorship demands by the Saudi Arabian government.[6]

Following the initial grant from the Emir of Qatar, Al Jazeera had aimed to become self-sufficient through advertising by 2001, but when this failed to occur, the Emir agreed to several consecutive loans[3] on a year-by-year basis (US$30 million in 2004,[7] according to Arnaud de Borchgrave). Other major sources of income include advertising, cable subscription fees, broadcasting deals with other companies, and sale of footage.[8] In 2000, advertising accounted for 40% of the station's revenue.[9]

The Al Jazeera logo is a decorative representation of the network's name written using Arabic calligraphy. It was selected by the station's founder, Emir of Qatar Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa, as the winning entry in a design competition.[10]

Staff

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Wadah Khanfar, Director General of the Al Jazeera Network

The Chairman of Al Jazeera is Sheikh Hamad bin Thamer Al Thani, a distant cousin of Qatari Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani.

Al Jazeera recently restructured its operations to form a Network that contains all their different channels. Wadah Khanfar, the managing director of the Arabic Channel was appointed as the Director General of the Al Jazeera Network. He also acts as the Managing Director of the Arabic channel.

The Editor-in-Chief of the Arabic website is Mustafa Soug who replaced Ahmed Sheikh. It has more than 100 editorial staff.

The managing director of Al Jazeera English is Al Anstey. The Editor-in-Chief of the English-language site is Mohamed Nanabhay who has run the site since 2009. Previous editors have included Beat Witschi and Russell Merryman.

Prominent on-air personalities include Faisal al-Qassem, host of the talk show The Opposite Direction, Ahmed Mansour, host of the show Unlimited (bi-la hudud) and Sami Haddad.

Reach

Many governments in the Middle East deploy state-run media or government censorship to impact local media coverage and public opinion, leading to international objections regarding press freedom and biased media coverage.[11] Many people see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels. Some scholars and commentators use the notion of contextual objectivity,[12] which highlights the tension between objectivity and audience appeal, to describe the station's controversial yet popular news approach.[13] As a result, it is probably the most watched news channel in the Middle East.[citation*needed]

Increasingly, Al Jazeera's exclusive interviews and other footage are being rebroadcast in American, British, and other western media outlets such as CNN and the BBC. In January 2003, the BBC announced that it had signed an agreement with Al Jazeera for sharing facilities and information, including news footage.[14]

Al Jazeera's availability (via satellite) throughout the Middle East changed the television landscape of the region. Prior to the arrival of Al Jazeera, many Middle Eastern citizens were unable to watch TV channels other than state-controlled national TV stations. Al Jazeera introduced a level of freedom of speech on TV that was previously unheard of in many of these countries. Al Jazeera presented controversial views regarding the governments of many Gulf Arab states, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar; it also presented controversial views about Syria's relationship with Lebanon, and the Egyptian judiciary. Critics accused Al Jazeera of sensationalism in order to increase its audience share. Al Jazeera's broadcasts have sometimes resulted in drastic action: for example, when, on 27 January 1999, critics of the Algerian government appeared on the channel's live program El-Itidjah el-Mouakass ("The Opposite Direction"), the Algerian government cut the electricity supply to large parts of the capital Algiers (and allegedly also to large parts of the country), to prevent the program from being seen.[11][12][15] At that time, Al Jazeera was not yet generally known in the Western world, but where it was known, opinion was often favourable[16] and Al Jazeera claimed to be the only politically independent television station in the Middle East. However, it was not until late 2001 that Al Jazeera achieved worldwide recognition, when it broadcast video statements by al-Qaeda leaders.[17]

Some observers have argued that Al Jazeera has formidable authority as an opinion-maker. Noah Bonsey and Jeb Koogler, for example, writing in the Columbia Journalism Review, argue that the way in which the station covers any future Israeli-Palestinian peace deal could well determine whether or not that deal is actually accepted by the Palestinian public.[18]

The channel's tremendous popularity has also, for better or worse, made it a shaper of public opinion. Its coverage often determines what becomes a story and what does not, as well as how Arab viewers think about issues. Whether in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, or Syria, the stories highlighted and the criticisms aired by guests on Al Jazeera's news programs have often significantly affected the course of events in the region.

In Palestine, the station's influence is particularly strong. Recent polling indicates that in the West Bank and Gaza, Al Jazeera is the primary news source for an astounding 53.4 percent of Palestinian viewers. The second and third most watched channels, Palestine TV and Al Arabiya, poll a distant 12.8 percent and 10 percent, respectively. The result of Al Jazeera's market dominance is that it has itself become a mover and shaker in Palestinian politics, helping to craft public perceptions and influence the debate. This has obvious implications for the peace process: how Al Jazeera covers the deliberations and the outcome of any negotiated agreement with Israel will fundamentally shape how it is viewed-and, more importantly, whether it is accepted-by the Palestinian public.

Al Jazeera's broad availability in the Arab world "operat[ing] with less constraint than almost any other Arab outlet, and remain[ing] the most popular channel in the region", has been perceived as playing a part in the 2010&#8211;2011 Middle East and North Africa protests, including the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions. The New York Times stated in January 2011: "The protests rocking the Arab world this week have one thread uniting them: Al Jazeera, [...] whose aggressive coverage has helped propel insurgent emotions from one capital to the next". The newspaper quoted Marc Lynch, a professor of Middle East Studies at George Washington University: "They did not cause these events, but it's almost impossible to imagine all this happening without Al Jazeera".[19]

Expansion outside the Middle East

Main article: Al Jazeera English

In 2003, Al Jazeera hired its first English-language journalists, among whom was Afshin Rattansi,[20] from the BBC's Today Programme.

In March 2003, it launched an English-language website[21] (see below).

On 4 July 2005 Al Jazeera officially announced plans to launch a new English-language satellite service to be called Al Jazeera International.[22] The new channel started at 12h GMT on 15 November 2006 under the name Al Jazeera English and has broadcast centers in Doha (next to the original Al Jazeera headquarters and broadcast center), London, Kuala Lumpur and Washington D.C. The channel is a 24-hour, 7-days-a-week news channel, with 12 hours broadcast from Doha, and four hours each from London, Kuala Lumpur, and Washington D.C.

With Al Jazeera's growing global outreach and influence, some scholars including Adel Iskandar have described the station as a transformation of the very definition of "alternative media."[23]

As of 2007, the Arabic Al Jazeera channel rivals the BBC in worldwide audiences with an estimated 40 to 50 million viewers.[24] Al Jazeera English has an estimated reach of around 100 million households.[25]

On November 26, 2009, Al Jazeera English received approval from the CRTC, which enables Al Jazeera English to broadcast via satellite in Canada.[26]

On September 22, 2010, Al Jazeera purchased a broadcasting station in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and is set to begin broadcasting in January 2011.[27]

On 11 February 2011, the Turkish government approved the sale of the TV channel "Cine5" to Al-Jazeera. Cine5 television station has been administered by a government-run fund since its owner's business ran into economic trouble. Al-Jazeera paid USD$40.5 million for Cine5 TV channel in an auction. Al Jazeera said it planned to launch a news channel in Turkey.
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