Ugonjwa wa kifafa: Chanzo, Dalili, Huduma kwa Mgonjwa na Ushauri wa Matibabu

Epilepsy (kifafa) is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures (ile mitetemeko yake). The seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals. People may have strange sensations and emotions or behave strangely. They may have violent muscle spasms or lose consciousness. yale mate/ute unaotoka ni kwa sababu koo pamoja na organs zingine zimepata the wrong signals, hakuna cha issue ya kuukata unakufa,ni imani tu.

Epilepsy has many possible causes, including illness, brain injury and abnormal brain development. In many cases, the cause is unknown.

Doctors use brain scans and other tests to diagnose epilepsy. It is important to start treatment right away. There is no cure for epilepsy, but medicines can control seizures for most people. When medicines are not working well, surgery or implanted devices such as vagus nerve stimulators may help. Special diets can help some children with epilepsy.
 
Epilepsy is a brain disorder involving repeated, spontaneous seizures of any type. Seizures ("fits," convulsions) are episodes of disturbed brain function that cause changes in attention or behavior. They are caused by abnormally excited electrical signals in the brain.

Temporal lobe epilepsy; Seizure disorder
Causes, incidence, and risk factors Seizures ("fits," convulsions) are episodes of disturbed brain function that cause changes in attention or behavior. They are caused by abnormally excited electrical signals in the brain.
Sometimes a seizure is related to a temporary condition, such as exposure to drugs, withdrawal from certain drugs, a high fever, or abnormal levels of sodium or glucose in the blood. If the seizure or seizures do not happen again once the underlying problem is corrected, the person does NOT have epilepsy.

In other cases, permanent injury to or changes in brain tissue cause the brain to be abnormally excitable. In these cases, the seizures happen without an immediate cause. This is epilepsy. Epilepsy can affect people of any age.
Epilepsy may be idiopathic, which means the cause cannot be identified. These seizures usually begin between ages 5 and 20, but they can happen at any age. People with this condition have no other neurological problems, but sometimes have a family history of seizures or epilepsy.

Some other more common causes of epilepsy include:
  • Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
  • Illnesses that cause the brain to deteriorate
  • Dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Infections (including brain abscess, meningitis, encephalitis, neurosyphilis, and AIDS)
  • Problems that are present from before birth (congenital brain defects)
  • Injuries near the time of birth (in this case, seizures usually begin in infancy or early childhood)
  • Kidney failure or liver failure
  • Metabolic diseases that children may be born with (such as phenylketonuria)
  • Tumors or other structural brain lesions (such as hematomas or abnormal blood vessels)[h=3]Symptoms[/h]The severity of symptoms can vary greatly, from simple staring spells to loss of consciousness and violent convulsions. For most people with epilepsy, each seizure is similar to previous ones. The type of seizure a person has depends on a variety of things, such as the part of the brain affected and the underlying cause of the seizure.odor that isn't actually there, or emotional changes) occurs in some people prior to each seizure.
    For a detailed description of the symptoms associated with a specific type of seizure, see:
  • Signs and tests[/h]A physical examination (including a detailed neurologic examination) may be normal, or it may show abnormal brain function related to specific areas of the brain.
    Persons with epilepsy will often have abnormal electrical activity seen on an electroencephalograph (EEG). (An EEG is a reading of the electrical activity in the brain.) In some cases, the test may show where in the brain the seizures start. EEGs can often be normal in between seizures, so it may be necessary to perform a longer test.
    Various blood tests and other tests to rule out temporary and reversible causes of seizures, may include:
  • Tests for the cause and location of the problem may include:
  • Treatment[/h]For treatment of seizures, please see Seizures - first aid.
    If an underlying cause for recurrent seizures (such as infection) has been identified and treated, seizures may stop. Treatment may include surgery to remove a tumor, an abnormal or bleeding blood vessel, or other brain problems.
    Medication to prevent seizures, called anticonvulsants, may reduce the number of future seizures. These drugs are taken by mouth.
    • The type of medicine you take depends on what type of seizures you are having. The dosage may need to be adjusted from time to time.
    • Some seizure types respond well to one medication and may respond poorly (or even be made worse) by others. Some medications need to be monitored for side effects and blood levels.
    • It is very important that you take your medication on time and at the correct dose. Most people taking these drugs need regular checkups and regular blood tests to make sure they are receiving the correct dosage.
    • You should not stop taking or change medications without talking to your doctor first
  • Some factors increase the risk for a seizure in a person with epilepsy. Talk with your doctor about:
    • Certain prescribed medications
    • Emotional stress
    • Illness, especially infection
    • Lack of sleep
    • Pregnancy
    • Skipping doses of epilepsy medications
    • Use of alcohol or other recreational drugs
  • Epilepsy that does not get better after two or three seizure drugs have been tried is called "medically refractory epilepsy."
    • Some patients with this type of epilepsy may benefit from brain surgery to remove the abnormal brain cells that are causing the seizures.
    • Others may be helped by a vagal nerve stimulator. This is a device that is implanted in the chest (similar to a heart pacemaker). This stimulator can help reduce the number of seizures, but rarely stops the seizures completely.
  • Sometimes, children are placed on a special diet to help prevent seizures. The most popular one is the ketogenic diet. A diet low in carbohydrates, such as the Atkins diet, may also be helpful in some adults.
    Persons with epilepsy should wear medical alert jewelry so that prompt medical treatment can be obtained if a seizure occurs.
    Support Groups[/h]The stress caused by having seizures (or being a caretaker of someone with seizures) can often be helped by joining a support group. In these groups, members share common experiences and problems.
  • See: Epilepsy - support group
    In addition to groups that meet face-to-face, there are many discussion groups and bulletin boards on the Internet where people with epilepsy can find support.
    Expectations (prognosis)Some people with certain types of seizures may be able to reduce or completely stop their seizure medicines after having no seizures for several years. Certain types of childhood epilepsy goes away or improves with age -- usually in the late teens or 20s.
    For some people, epilepsy may be a lifelong condition. In these cases, the seizure drugs need to be continued.
    Death or permanent brain damage from seizures is rare. However, seizures that last for a long time or two or more seizures that occur close together (status epilepticus) may cause permanent harm. Death or brain damage are most often caused by prolonged lack of breathing, which causes brain tissue to die from lack of oxygen. There are some cases of sudden, unexplained death in patients with epilepsy.
    Serious injury can occur if a seizure occurs during driving or when operating dangerous equipment. For this reason, people with epilepsy whose seizures are not under good control should not do these activities.
    People who have infrequent seizures may not have any severe restrictions on their lifestyle.
    Complications
    • Difficulty learning
    • Inhaling fluid into the lungs, which can cause aspiration pneumonia
    • Injury from falls, bumps, or self-inflicted bites during a seizure
    • Injury from having a seizure while driving or operating machinery
    • Many epilepsy medications cause birth defects -- women wishing to become pregnant should alert their doctor in advance in order to adjust medications
    • Permanent brain damage (strokeor other damage)
      • This is a longer seizure than the person normally has, or an unusual number of seizures for the person
      • Repeated seizures over a few minutes
      • Repeated seizures where consciousness or normal behavior is not regained between them (status epilepticus)
    • Call your health care provider if any new symptoms occur, including possible side effects of medications (drowsiness, restlessness, confusion, sedation, or others), nausea/vomiting, rash, loss of hair, tremors or abnormal movements, or problems with coordination.
      Prevention[/h]Generally, there is no known way to prevent epilepsy. However, proper diet and sleep, and staying away from illegal drugs and alcohol, may decrease the likelihood of triggering seizures in people with epilepsy.
      Reduce the risk of head injury by wearing helmets during risky activities; this can help lessen the chance of developing epilepsy.
      Persons with uncontrolled seizures should not drive. Each state has a different law that determines which people with a history of seizures are allowed to drive. If you have uncontrolled seizures, you should also avoid activities where loss of awareness would cause great danger, such as climbing to high places, biking, and swimming alone.
    • Prolonged seizures or numerous seizures without complete recovery between them (status epilepticus)
    • Side effects of medications
 
Kifafa ni ugonjwa wa ubongo.

Ubongo wa binadamu una mabilioni ya seli za neva.Zinashirikiana na kila moja kupitia chaji ndogo ndogo za umeme ambazo huwaka na kuzima.Wakati baadhi ya ama hizi seli zote kwa ghafla huanza kuwaka kwa pamoja, wimbi la nguvu za umeme hupita kwenye ubongo na husababisha kifafa ama kuzirai.

Kuzirai kwa ghafla huathiri vile ubongo hufanya kazi.Kunaweza kumsababisha mtu kupata mabadiliko ya ghafla katika fahamu, mwendo ama hisia.

Mshtuko wa moyo mmoja haumanishi ya kwamba mtoto ana kifafa.Kuzirai mara moja kunaweza kutokea kwa sababu tofauti k.m homa, jeraha la kichwa, kiwango cha chini cha sukari katika damu na kadhalika.

Kifafa ni jina la kuzirai kwa ghafla kunapotokea zaidi ya mara moja bila ya sababu ya kutibiwa inayojulikana.

Katika sehemu hii jifundishe zaidi kuhusu huu ugonjwa.

Dalili na ishara za kifafa

Nitajuaje ikiwa niimeathiriwa na kifafa?
Kuna aina nyingi za kuzirai na mara kwa mara sio mgonjwa ambaye huona ishara za kifafa ilhali ni wale wanaomzunguka. Kuzirai kwingine hutokea kama kupotea kwa fahamu (ugonjwa wa kifafa usio mkali). Hapa, mgonjwa (ambaye huwa ni mtoto) hupoteza makini kwa dakika kadhaa. Wakati huu, hawaitikii jina lao na hawawezi kusikia ama kuelewa chochote. Ni walimu ama wazazi ambao wataona ya kwamba mtoto anazubaa. Wanapopataa nafuu, hawafahamu chochote kisicho cha kawaida kimefanyika. Watoto kama hawa huwa hawafanyi vizuri katika masomo kwa sababu kumakinika kwao huathiriwa.

Kuzirai kwingine hujumuisha kutingika ambako hakuwezi kudhibitiwa ama msukumano wa sehemu moja ama zaidi za mwili. Wakati huu, mtu hawezi kuzuia kutingika huku. Kutingika huku huanza kwenyewe na huisha baada ya mda fulani. Mgonjwa anaweza kujihisi akiwa mnyonge ama hana hisia katika sehemu hiyo ya mwili kwa mda baada ya kuzirai.

Aina nyingine ya kuzirai ni wakati mtu anapoanguka chini na kuanza kutetemeka katika mwili wake kwa kipindi fulani na kisha analala usingizi mzito (anapoteza fahamu). Aina hii ya kifafa inaogofya kutazama. Watu huwa hawana fahamu ya vitendo vyao na saa zingine wanapoamka hawawezi kukumbuka kile ambacho kimetoka kufanyika. Ni wale tu ambao walikuwepo wanaweza kuelezea ni nini kimetoka kufanyika.

Katika aina zingine za kifafa, mtu hupoteza udhibiti wa misuuli yake na huangusha kile walichokuwa wamekishikilia, hujikwa wanapojaribu kutembea ama huanguka chini wasiweze kujizuia ama kujilinda.

Kwa mukhtasari, wakati mtu anapothiriwa na kutetemeka kusikoweza kudhibitiwa kwa sehemu moja ama zaidi ya mwili wake ama anaanguka chini na kupoteza fahamu, hii inaweza kuwa dalili ya kifafa na ni muhimu kutafuta ushauri wa dakitari haraka iwezekanavyo.

Je, kila mtu anayeathiriwa na kifafa anapaswa kupelekwa hospitalini?

La. Sio kila mtu anayeathirika na kifafa anapaswa kupatiwa huduma ya matibabu. Mtu mwenye kifafa ambaye yuko chini ya matibabu labda hahitaji kupelekwa hospitalini mara moja. Kuna visa vingine ambavyo ni muhimu kumpeleka mtu hospitalini kama dharura.
  • Kuzirai mara ya kwanza. Ikiwa mtu anafahamika ya kwamba huwa hana kifafa na kishe azirai, mtu huyu anahitaji kumuona dakitari mara moja.
  • Ikiwa kuzirai kumekaa zaidi ya dakika 5, mpeleke mgonjwa hospitalini.Hili huwa nadra lakini lifanyikapo huwa hatari sana na ni lazima umkimbize mgonjwa hospitalini hata ikiwa bado yuko katika hali hiyo ili kuokoa maisha yake.
  • Ikiwa kupumua hakurudii hali ya kawaida baada ya kuzirai.
  • Ikiwa kuzirai kutaisha na kujirudia tena mara hiyo hiyo Kabla ya mgonjwa kupata nafuu. Nitaendelea hii Topic
 
Je, kuna tiba ya kifafa?

Mara nyingi kile kinachosababisha kifafa hakijulikani, ugonjwa huu hauna tiba inayotambulika. Wakati mtu anapoathiriwa na kuzirai kwa sababu ya hali zingine kama vile uvimbe kwenye ubongo ,ugonjwa wa figo au ugonjwa wa ini unaweza kuwa na nafasi ya tiba ikiwa hali hiyo nyingine imetibiwa. Katika visa vingine, hata hivyo kuzirai huendelea hata kama ikiwa hali hiyo nyingine imeshughulikiwa.

Ugonjwa wa kifafa unaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kutumia madawa na kufuata matibabu ya mara kwa mara. Ugonjwa wa kifafa uliodhibitiwa vizuri hupunguza idadi ya visa vya kuzirai vinavyomkumba mtu na wakati mwingi mgonjwa hazirai kwa mda mrefu. Hali hii haitibiwi na mgonjwa anaweza kurejelea kuzirai wakati wowote. Dawa hutumiwa KUDHIBITI kuzirai lakini sio kutibu.

Jinsi nyingine za kudhibiti kifafa

Kando na madawa, ni nini kingine ambacho kinaweza kunisaidia ikiwa niko na kifafa?

Imeonekana ya kwamba kuna vitu ambavyo vinaweza kusababisha mshtuko kwa mtu aliye na kifafa ikiwa hata amedhibitiwa na matibabu. Kukosa usingizi wa kutosha (mtu mzima anahitaji angalau masaa 8 ilhali mtoto anahitaji angalau masaa 9) kunaweza kusababisha mshtuko wa kifafa. Mfadhaiko mwingi utokanao na matatizo unaweza pia kusababisha shambulizi. Homa katika watoto imejulikana kuongeza nafasi ya

kutokea kwa mshtuko wa kifafa. Taa zinazomemeteka kama vile kioo cha runinga na mataa ya disko yanaweza kusababisha mshtuko wa kifafa katika watu wengine. Kupumua kwa nguvu wakati unapumzika kumetambuka kusababisha mshtuko. Hutokea mara kwa mara katika watoto wakati wako kwenye hali ya kuogopesha sana ama hofu kubwa. Ukiwa unaweza kuepuka haya, unaweza kujisaidia kuepuka kushikwa na mshtuko wa kifafa.

Kwa nini haupaswi kumwekea mtu kitu mdomoni anaposhikwa na mshtuko wa kifafa?

Kwa mda mrefu iliaminika ya kwamba wakati mtu ameshikwa na kifafa, mgonjwa anaweza kumeza ama hata kunyongwa na ulimi wake na kwa hivyo kusababisha kifo. Hivi sasa hali imebadilika na inaeleweka ya kwamba hakuna haja ya kuweka kitu chochote kwenye mdomo wa mgonjwa anaposhikwa na kifafa. Hili linaweza kusababisha madhara zaidi.

Wakati wa kifafa kuna mshtuko wa ghafla wa misuli.Mikono, miguu na sehemu zingine za mwili huwa na mwendo wa kujirudia rudia ambao ni vigumu kuukabili kwa kutumia nguvu haswa ikiwa mgonjwa ni mkubwa kwa umbo. Kama sehemu ya tendo la misuli, mgonjwa husaga meno yake kwa sababu ya tendo la nguuvu katika taya. Jaribio lolote la kuweka kitu kwenye mdomo linaweza kusababisha kuvunjika kwa meno ya mgonjwa, kunyongwa na kile kilichowekwa mdomoni ama mgonjwa kumuuma vibaya mhudumu wake.

Kwa hivyo fahamu: USIWEKE kitu katika mdomo wa mgonjwa anaposhikwa na mshtuko wa kifafa.


Kwa nini wagonjwa wa kifafa hawawezi kugawana madawa yao?

Madawa ya kifafa hufanya kazi ya kukomesha shughuli zisizo za kawaida kwenye ubongo. Kuna aina nyingi za kuzirai katika kifafa na hizi zote huitikia kwa njia tofauti kwa madawa tofauti. Hii ndio sababu ya kwanza kwa nini haufai kugawa dawa za kifafa. Dawa ambazo hudhibiti aina moja ya kifafa zinaweza kukosa athari kwa aina nyingine ya kifafa.

Pili, watu tofauti wanahitaji vipimo tofauti vya dawa iliyotolewa kudhibiti kifafa. Ugonjwa wa kifafa unamaanisha ya kwamba ubongo wa mtu unaweza kufyatuka kwa njia isiyo ya kawaida. Watu tofauti hupata kifafa katika viwango tofauti vya mchangamsho wa ubongo. Watu wengine huchangamshwa kwa urahisi na kuzirai ilhali wengine hawachangamshwi kwa urahisi. Kipimo cha dawa kinachotumiwa kumdhibiti mtu ambaye huzirai kwa urahisi ni tofauti na kile cha yule ambaye hazirai kwa urahisi.

Tatu, sio vizuri kugawana madawa ambayo yametolewa kufuatia maagizo ya dakitari. Maagizo ya dakitari hutoa dawa kwa mtu mmoja kwa kipindi maalumu cha wakati. Kwa kugawana madawa, mtu ambaye alipewa maagizo ya dakitari ataishiwa na dawa kabla ya ahadi ya kuonana na dakitari inayofuatia. Wanweza kuzirai kwa urahisi kwa sababu hawako kwenye matibabu. Sio salama kwa mtu mwenye kifafa kugawa dawa zake.
 
Types of epilepsy
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There are many different types of epilepsy, and with each type of epilepsy there are different symptoms. Most forms of epilepsy are named after the the area of the brain that they effect. Most of the forms of epilepsy are very rare, and typically are originated in childhood or even infancy. There are others however that begin in adulthood and old age. We will list some of the most common forms of epilepsy, and explain some of the symptoms and what part of the brain they effect. The most common forms of epilepsy are.

Absence epilepsy typically is hereditary, and usually always begin in childhood or adolescence. They also usually stop when the subject hits puberty. Absence epilepsy don't have lasting effects on the brain functions or intelligence of the individual. The bad part about absence seizures are that they interfere with school and learning because they can happen so frequently during the day. Absence seizures cause momentary loss of consciousness, and normally last less then 30 seconds. The problem with these seizures is that they can be unnoticed by people because they are so brief and the person that is suffering from there just seem to be staring into space. The problem with absence seizures and it effecting schooling and learning is because they can happen between 50 to 100 times during the day.

Frontal lobe epilepsy effects the frontal lobe of the brain and it is directly behind the forehead. The frontal lobe is largest of the five lobes in the brain, it controls the personality, and higher thought process, this includes language and speech. Frontal lobe epilepsy cause short seizures that start and stop very quickly. The problem with Frontal lobe epilepsy is that it can be diagnosed as something different when it is first noticed. They seizures that come from this type of epilepsy can look like other mental problems and without proper testing could be diagnosed as that. The seizures that take place can be sensorimotor tics, or other problems dealing with motor skills. And often with these tics, different alterations of consciousness. Laughter or crying in rare cases can also occur during an frontal lobe seizure. These seizures can also travel to other parts of the brain making the seizures do different things depending on where the it has traveled to in the brain.

Occipital lobe epilepsy involves the Occipital lobe, it lies at the back of the head. Occipital lobe epilepsy is similar to frontal and temporal love epilepsy's, but the only difference is that the seizures usually are related to the eyes. Often seizures begin with hallucinations, rapid blinking, and other symptoms with the eyes.

Parietal lobe epilepsy effects the Parietal lobe which lies between the frontal and temporal lobes. Parietal epilepsy is similar to those two types of epilepsy because the seizures can spread to other parts of the brain, making the seizures do have different consequences depending on what part it goes to.
​
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy and the most common cause of Partial seizures and aura. Aura is something that happens to the body before a seizure letting the person know that they are about to suffer one. The different symptoms of this could be a sinking feeling in your stomach, or a sense of deja vu, or can also take a form of a auditory hallucination. Like a song you've heard or a jingle. Temporal lobe epilepsy if left untreated can damage the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain that helps your memory, and learning. The damage is very small and slow but it is still good to get the epilepsy treated as early as possible.

These are the most common forms of epilepsy, if you know someone that is suffering from any of these symptoms that were listed you should get them to the doctor as soon as you can. The faster you get them diagnosed the faster you can get them treated and on the road to recovery. If you have any questions or comments about types of epilepsy please contact us. We would like to hear any comments or stories you may have.
 
Matatizo yaweza tokezea wakati wa matibabu?

Je, kuna jambo ambalo linaweza kuenda mrama nikiwa bado kwenye matibabu?

Athari ya matibabu ni hisia ya kusinzia na kutokuwa mwepesi ambako hutoweka baada ya mda. Baadhi ya madawa yanaweza kumfanya mgonjwa aongeze uzito. Athari mbaya zaidi ambayo inaweza kutokea ni kwenye ini. Hili ni jambo la kawaida wakati mgonjwa anatumia madawa kadhaa ili adhibiti kifafa.

Unapoanza matibabu, athari yake kwa kifafa huwa siio ya papo kwa hapo. Inachukua angalau mwezi mmoja kuona athari yoyote ya kudumu na mtu anahitajiwa kuwa mvumilivu. Katika visa vichache, visa vya kuzirai vinaweza kuongezeka unapowekwa kwenye matibabu kabla kuzirai hakujapungua.

Ni kipi kipimo cha dawa za kutibu kifafa?

Kipimo cha dawa ni kile ambacho kitatibu kitadhibiti ama kitatibu hali hii bila ya kusababisha mathara mabaya ya kando. Hii hutofautiana kutoka kwa matibabu hadi matibabu na hali hadi hali. Dawa zingine kama Panadol zina kiwango chake rasmi; watu wazima humeza vidonge 2 kila masaa 6-8. Hali zingine kama malaria isiyo kali zina kiwango cha dawa kinachopeanwa katika kiwango cha kipimo cha dawa kama watu wazima humeza vidonge 2 vya Camoquine mara moja kwa siku 3.

Hesabu ya kiwango cha kipimo cha dawa hutegemea uzani wa mgonjwa ama umri wake. Kila aina ya dawa ina kipimo kwa uzani ama umri wa mgonjwa uliopeanwa.

Katika visa vingine vya kifafa, kiwango cha dawa hakiwezi kuhesabika kwa urahisi. Matibabu yanayotolewa ili kudhibiti kifafa huathiriwa kwa urahisi na vipimo vya dawa na hufanya kazi katika kadiri ndogo. Dawa kidogo kwenye damu ama dawa nyingi kwenye damu na udhibiti wa kifafa hupotezwa. Kwa hivyo kila dawa inaweza tu kutumiwa katika kadiri iliyotolewa ya kipimo cha dawa. Ikiwa kuzirai hakuwezi kudhibitiwa katika kadiri hii,dawa ya pili na saa zingine dawa ya tatu inaweza kuongezwa. Hii nyongeza ya madawa hujiathiri na kipimo cha kila dawa kinahitaji kuhesabiwa mara tena ili kila dawa ikuwe katika kiwango kinachofaa katika damu.

Kufanya mambo kuwa magumu zaidi, kutokea kwa kifafa hakuwezi kutabirika katika watu tofauti. Kuna wale ambao ugonjwa wao wa kifafa unaweza kudhibitiwa kwa urahisi ilhali wengine wanahitaji matibabu 2-3 ili kupunguza visa vya kuzirai bila ya kuvimaliza kabisa. Kwa wagonjwa 2 wenye umri sawa na uzani sawa, matibabu ya kipekee yanaweza kutolewa katika vipimo tofauti ili kudhibiti kuzirai kwao.

Ni kwa mda upi ambao mtu aliyeathiriwa na kifafa anapaswa kutumia dawa?

Mtu aliyeathiriwa na kifafa anapaswa kutumia madawa aliyopewa hadi ashauriwe vingine. Kwa kutegemea wingi wa kutokea kwa visa vya kifafa, wagonjwa wanaweza kutumia dawa kwa maisha yao yote.Katika watoto,hata hivyo mambo yanabadilika. Kitambo, ilichukuliwa ya kwamba mtoto mwenye kifafa angehitajika kutumia

madawa kwa miaka mingi ya maisha yake. Lakini hali sio hivyo tena. Ikiwa mtoto anatumia madawa kwa njia inayofaa na kwa wakati bila ya kukosa hata kipimo.cha dawa na anabakia bila kifafa kwa angalau miaka 2, basi dakitari anaweza kufikiria kusimamisha utumizi wa madawa. Ni dakitari pekee yake anayeweza kutoa ushauri kuhusu kusimamaisha matumizi ya madawa ya kifafa baada ya kumfuatilia mgonjwa kwa

kipindi fulani cha mda. Ni muhimu maamuzi haya yafanywe na dakitari, kwa sababu mwanzo utumizi wa madawa umeanza haufai kukatizwa kwa ghafla. Badala yake dakitari atapunguza kipimo cha dawa pole pole hadi matumizi ya dawa umesitishwa. Ukisitisha dawa kwa ghafla, kuna madhara ya kando kama kumwa na tumbo, kutapika na kutomakinika na kuzirai kunaweza kujirudia.

Kwa hivyo, jambo muhimu ni kuzungumza na dakitari wako kuhusu kusimamisha matibabu. Ikiwa mtoto hajafuzu kwa ajili ya kusitishwa matibabu kwa sasa, na kisha aendele kutokana na ushauri wa dakitari. Ikiwa mtoto atafuzu, basi hili linafaa kufanywa kwa utaratibu. Wakati kipimo cha dawa kinapunguzwa, ni muhimu kukumbuka ya kwamba mtoto anaweza kushikwa na kifafa. Waweke wakiwa salama na waangalie kwa karibu hadi dawa zote zimesitishwa kabisa na kila kitu kiko salama.
 
Nina mdogo wangu ana miaka 20. Alianza kuweweseka na kukakamaa pamoja una kujingata ulimi usiku akiwa amelala bila yeye kujijua, asubuhi anajikuta ameumia mdomoni, bila kuchukua hatua akijua hali hiyo labda ni ya mda mfupi lakini hali inazidi kuwa mbaya kwani sasa anaanguka mchana. Je, dawa ya tatizo hili ni nini kwani hakuwahi kuwa na kifafa before?
 
Kifafa unaweza ukawa ugonjwa. Mara nyingi huu uanzia tangu ukiwa na umri mdogo. Lakini pia kifafa kinaweza kikawa dalili ya tatizo kubwa la ubongo, especially kinapoanzia ukubwani, na haijawahi kutokea mgonjwa akawa na ugonjwa huo tangu utoto, na hasa kama inatokea mara mara...mfano mara kadhaa katika wiki moja.

NB: Mpelekeni haraka hospitali akaonwe na neurologist na/au neurosurgeon. Hii itakuwa level ya hospitali ya rufaa, kama mpo Dar es salaam nashauri Muhimbili. Najua katika hospitali ndogo watamtibu kama mgonjwa wa kifafa na kumpa dawa za kifafa bila kuchunguza nini kimesababisha apate kifafa ukubwani.
 
Je, kuna tiba ya kifafa? Mara nyingi kile kinachosababisha kifafa hakijulikani, ugonjwa huu hauna tiba inayotambulika. Wakati mtu anapoathiriwa na kuzirai kwa sababu ya hali zingine kama vile uvimbe kwenye ubongo ,ugonjwa wa figo au ugonjwa wa ini unaweza kuwa na nafasi ya tiba ikiwa hali hiyo nyingine imetibiwa. Katika visa vingine, hata hivyo kuzirai huendelea hata kama ikiwa hali hiyo nyingine imeshughulikiwa.

Ugonjwa wa kifafa unaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kutumia madawa na kufuata matibabu ya mara kwa mara. Ugonjwa wa kifafa uliodhibitiwa vizuri hupunguza idadi ya visa vya kuzirai vinavyomkumba mtu na wakati mwingi mgonjwa hazirai kwa mda mrefu. Hali hii haitibiwi na mgonjwa anaweza kurejelea kuzirai wakati wowote. Dawa hutumiwa KUDHIBITI kuzirai lakini sio kutibu.
 
Dalili na ishara za kifafa

Nitajuaje ikiwa niimeathiriwa na kifafa?
Kuna aina nyingi za kuzirai na mara kwa mara sio mgonjwa ambaye huona ishara za kifafa ilhali ni wale wanaomzunguka. Kuzirai kwingine hutokea kama kupotea kwa fahamu (ugonjwa wa kifafa usio mkali). Hapa, mgonjwa (ambaye huwa ni mtoto) hupoteza makini kwa dakika

kadhaa. Wakati huu, hawaitikii jina lao na hawawezi kusikia ama kuelewa chochote. Ni walimu ama wazazi ambao wataona ya kwamba mtoto anazubaa. Wanapopataa nafuu, hawafahamu chochote kisicho cha kawaida kimefanyika. Watoto kama hawa huwa hawafanyi vizuri katika masomo kwa sababu kumakinika kwao huathiriwa.

Kuzirai kwingine hujumuisha kutingika ambako hakuwezi kudhibitiwa ama msukumano wa sehemu moja ama zaidi za mwili. Wakati huu, mtu hawezi kuzuia kutingika huku. Kutingika huku huanza kwenyewe na huisha baada ya mda fulani. Mgonjwa anaweza kujihisi akiwa mnyonge ama hana hisia katika sehemu hiyo ya mwili kwa mda baada ya kuzirai.

Aina nyingine ya kuzirai ni wakati mtu anapoanguka chini na kuanza kutetemeka katika mwili wake kwa kipindi fulani na kisha analala usingizi mzito (anapoteza fahamu). Aina hii ya kifafa inaogofya kutazama. Watu huwa hawana fahamu ya vitendo vyao na saa zingine wanapoamka hawawezi kukumbuka kile ambacho kimetoka kufanyika. Ni wale tu ambao walikuwepo wanaweza kuelezea ni nini kimetoka kufanyika.

Katika aina zingine za kifafa, mtu hupoteza udhibiti wa misuuli yake na huangusha kile walichokuwa wamekishikilia, hujikwa wanapojaribu kutembea ama huanguka chini wasiweze kujizuia ama kujilinda.

Kwa mukhtasari, wakati mtu anapothiriwa na kutetemeka kusikoweza kudhibitiwa kwa sehemu moja ama zaidi ya mwili wake ama anaanguka chini na kupoteza fahamu, hii inaweza kuwa dalili ya kifafa na ni muhimu kutafuta ushauri wa dakitari haraka iwezekanavyo.

Je, kuna tiba ya kifafa?

Mara nyingi kile kinachosababisha kifafa hakijulikani, ugonjwa huu hauna tiba inayotambulika. Wakati mtu anapoathiriwa na kuzirai kwa sababu ya hali zingine kama vile uvimbe kwenye ubongo ,ugonjwa wa figo au ugonjwa wa ini unaweza kuwa na nafasi ya tiba ikiwa hali hiyo nyingine imetibiwa. Katika visa vingine, hata hivyo kuzirai huendelea hata kama ikiwa hali hiyo nyingine imeshughulikiwa.

Ugonjwa wa kifafa unaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kutumia madawa na kufuata matibabu ya mara kwa mara. Ugonjwa wa kifafa uliodhibitiwa vizuri hupunguza idadi ya visa vya kuzirai vinavyomkumba mtu na wakati mwingi mgonjwa hazirai kwa mda mrefu. Hali hii haitibiwi na mgonjwa anaweza kurejelea kuzirai wakati wowote. Dawa hutumiwa KUDHIBITI kuzirai lakini sio kutibu.

Jinsi nyingine za kudhibiti kifafa

Kando na madawa, ni nini kingine ambacho kinaweza kunisaidia ikiwa niko na kifafa?

Imeonekana ya kwamba kuna vitu ambavyo vinaweza kusababisha mshtuko kwa mtu aliye na kifafa ikiwa hata amedhibitiwa na matibabu. Kukosa usingizi wa kutosha (mtu mzima anahitaji angalau masaa 8 ilhali mtoto anahitaji angalau masaa 9) kunaweza kusababisha mshtuko wa

kifafa. Mfadhaiko mwingi utokanao na matatizo unaweza pia kusababisha shambulizi. Homa katika watoto imejulikana kuongeza nafasi ya kutokea kwa mshtuko wa kifafa. Taa zinazomemeteka kama vile kioo cha runinga na mataa ya disko yanaweza kusababisha mshtuko wa kifafa

katika watu wengine. Kupumua kwa nguvu wakati unapumzika kumetambuka kusababisha mshtuko. Hutokea mara kwa mara katika watoto wakati wako kwenye hali ya kuogopesha sana ama hofu kubwa. Ukiwa unaweza kuepuka haya, unaweza kujisaidia kuepuka kushikwa na mshtuko wa kifafa.

Kwa nini haupaswi kumwekea mtu kitu mdomoni anaposhikwa na mshtuko wa kifafa?

Kwa mda mrefu iliaminika ya kwamba wakati mtu ameshikwa na kifafa, mgonjwa anaweza kumeza ama hata kunyongwa na ulimi wake na kwa hivyo kusababisha kifo. Hivi sasa hali imebadilika na inaeleweka ya kwamba hakuna haja ya kuweka kitu chochote kwenye mdomo wa mgonjwa anaposhikwa na kifafa. Hili linaweza kusababisha madhara zaidi.

Wakati wa kifafa kuna mshtuko wa ghafla wa misuli.Mikono, miguu na sehemu zingine za mwili huwa na mwendo wa kujirudia rudia ambao ni vigumu kuukabili kwa kutumia nguvu haswa ikiwa mgonjwa ni mkubwa kwa umbo. Kama sehemu ya tendo la misuli, mgonjwa husaga meno yake kwa sababu ya tendo la nguuvu katika taya. Jaribio lolote la kuweka kitu kwenye mdomo linaweza kusababisha kuvunjika kwa meno ya mgonjwa, kunyongwa na kile kilichowekwa mdomoni ama mgonjwa kumuuma vibaya mhudumu wake.

Kwa hivyo fahamu: USIWEKE kitu katika mdomo wa mgonjwa anaposhikwa na mshtuko wa kifafa.
 
Kwa nini wagonjwa wa kifafa hawawezi kugawana madawa yao? Madawa ya kifafa hufanya kazi ya kukomesha shughuli zisizo za kawaida kwenye ubongo. Kuna aina nyingi za kuzirai katika kifafa na hizi zote huitikia kwa njia tofauti kwa madawa tofauti. Hii ndio sababu ya kwanza kwa nini haufai kugawa dawa za kifafa. Dawa ambazo hudhibiti aina moja ya kifafa zinaweza kukosa athari kwa aina nyingine ya kifafa.

Pili, watu tofauti wanahitaji vipimo tofauti vya dawa iliyotolewa kudhibiti kifafa. Ugonjwa wa kifafa unamaanisha ya kwamba ubongo wa mtu unaweza kufyatuka kwa njia isiyo ya kawaida. Watu tofauti hupata kifafa katika viwango tofauti vya mchangamsho wa ubongo. Watu wengine huchangamshwa kwa urahisi na kuzirai ilhali wengine hawachangamshwi kwa urahisi. Kipimo cha dawa kinachotumiwa kumdhibiti mtu ambaye huzirai kwa urahisi ni tofauti na kile cha yule ambaye hazirai kwa urahisi.

Tatu, sio vizuri kugawana madawa ambayo yametolewa kufuatia maagizo ya dakitari. Maagizo ya dakitari hutoa dawa kwa mtu mmoja kwa kipindi maalumu cha wakati. Kwa kugawana madawa, mtu ambaye alipewa maagizo ya dakitari ataishiwa na dawa kabla ya ahadi ya kuonana na dakitari inayofuatia. Wanweza kuzirai kwa urahisi kwa sababu hawako kwenye matibabu. Sio salama kwa mtu mwenye kifafa kugawa dawa zake

Matatizo yaweza tokezea wakati wa matibabu? Je kuna jambo ambalo linaweza kuenda mrama nikiwa bado kwenye matibabu?

Athari ya matibabu ni hisia ya kusinzia na kutokuwa mwepesi ambako hutoweka baada ya mda. Baadhi ya madawa yanaweza kumfanya mgonjwa aongeze uzito. Athari mbaya zaidi ambayo inaweza kutokea ni kwenye ini. Hili ni jambo la kawaida wakati mgonjwa anatumia madawa kadhaa ili adhibiti kifafa.

Unapoanza matibabu, athari yake kwa kifafa huwa siio ya papo kwa hapo. Inachukua angalau mwezi mmoja kuona athari yoyote ya kudumu na mtu anahitajiwa kuwa mvumilivu. Katika visa vichache, visa vya kuzirai vinaweza kuongezeka unapowekwa kwenye matibabu kabla kuzirai hakujapungua.

Ni kipi kipimo cha dawa za kutibu kifafa? Kipimo cha dawa ni kile ambacho kitatibu kitadhibiti ama kitatibu hali hii bila ya kusababisha mathara mabaya ya kando. Hii hutofautiana kutoka kwa matibabu hadi matibabu na hali hadi hali. Dawa zingine kama Panadol zina kiwango chake rasmi; watu wazima humeza vidonge 2 kila masaa 6-8. Hali zingine kama malaria isiyo kali zina kiwango cha dawa kinachopeanwa katika kiwango cha kipimo cha dawa kama watu wazima humeza vidonge 2 vya Camoquine mara moja kwa siku 3.

Hesabu ya kiwango cha kipimo cha dawa hutegemea uzani wa mgonjwa ama umri wake. Kila aina ya dawa ina kipimo kwa uzani ama umri wa mgonjwa uliopeanwa.

Katika visa vingine vya kifafa, kiwango cha dawa hakiwezi kuhesabika kwa urahisi. Matibabu yanayotolewa ili kudhibiti kifafa huathiriwa kwa urahisi na vipimo vya dawa na hufanya kazi katika kadiri ndogo. Dawa kidogo kwenye damu ama dawa nyingi kwenye damu na udhibiti wa kifafa hupotezwa. Kwa hivyo kila dawa inaweza tu kutumiwa katika kadiri iliyotolewa ya kipimo cha dawa. Ikiwa kuzirai hakuwezi kudhibitiwa katika kadiri hii,dawa ya pili na saa zingine dawa ya tatu inaweza kuongezwa. Hii nyongeza ya madawa hujiathiri na kipimo cha kila dawa kinahitaji kuhesabiwa mara tena ili kila dawa ikuwe katika kiwango kinachofaa katika damu.

Kufanya mambo kuwa magumu zaidi, kutokea kwa kifafa hakuwezi kutabirika katika watu tofauti. Kuna wale ambao ugonjwa wao wa kifafa unaweza kudhibitiwa kwa urahisi ilhali wengine wanahitaji matibabu 2-3 ili kupunguza visa vya kuzirai bila ya kuvimaliza kabisa. Kwa wagonjwa 2 wenye umri sawa na uzani sawa, matibabu ya kipekee yanaweza kutolewa katika vipimo tofauti ili kudhibiti kuzirai kwao.
 
Jamani nahitaji msaada wa matibabu ya kifafa haraka. Kuna watu wananiambia kuwa tiba sahihi ya kifafa ni kwa kutumia mitishamba na si kutumia dawa za hospitalini. Sasa nimeshindwa kufanya maamuzi ya kuanza matibabu. Mwenye ukweli atoe msaada jamani. Nataka jumatatu trh 17 Oct 2011 nianze tiba.

Asanteni
 
KIFAFA KUPOOZA.
Tiba kwa kiharusi matatizo ya awali.
- Mgonjwa anapaswa kukandwa kwa kutumia mafuta ya karafuu na mafuta ya zeituni kwenye uti wa mgongo na baadaye apakwe kichwani. Matibabu huendelea mpaka mtu apone.


Herbs for Epilepsy​


Question: What vitamins or herbs do you recommend for Epilepsy? I've been on Dilantin for over 15 years and I still have occasional seizures.

Answer: There is not a great amount of information about this topic in herb books. I did find the same small group of herbs mentioned in several books. In some ways this is comforting. Black Cohosh, Lobelia, Valerian, Scullcap were some of these repeated in many references. I especially like the information in books obviously based in scientific fact. I have plenty of faith in anecdotal evidence especially when the information is from historical sources. I dont think past civilizations or generations would have bothered to pass on information about an herb if it wasnt actually effective as a remedy. For me though, when passing on information to someone else I am much more comfortable using mainly scientific sources. This puts you in a better position for example if you want to share this information with your doctor.

Valerian is currently one of the most popular orthodox antispasmodic medications in Russia and Germany according to Daniel Mowrey author of Herbal Tonic Therapies. It is its anticonvulsant action that has been useful in treating epilepsy. My experience with herbs has shown what is a treatment for a condition is quite often a preventative for the condition. I cannot give you advice because Im not a doctor but if it were me I would consider taking a small set of herbs or just one herb on a regular basis in hopes of preventing or lessening the severity of occasional seizures. Valerian looks good to me. Speaking of prevention, Valerian was used in the First World War to prevent shell shock in front-line troops. Valerian is a great herb to discuss here because it is classified as a tonic herb. It can regulate and balance opposite extremes. Recent research has shown it to be a sedative but more research has reported it can also stimulate in a way as to improve coordination, increase concentration and energy. This tonic nature of Valerian allows it to depress or stimulate where necessary depending on the current needs of the nervous system. Another way Valerian has been characterized by clinical studies is that it has neurotropic effects directly on higher centers of the central nervous system. One of the most remarkable aspects of Valerian is the almost total lack of toxicity, even with long term use.

Clinical studies have proven the antispasm action of Lobelia. Historically it has been used to treat epilepsy. While I may not know of any recent studies done on this herb for this condition, I would consider using it myself.

Chinese Ginseng, perhaps the most famous medicinal plant of China, is considered a tonic to whole body and has folk use for this condition.

Mistletoe has a historical use for epilepsy but no recent studies that I know of have focused on this condition. Hippocrates claimed it was highly effective remedy for the spleen and some modern European physicians believe treating the spleen may be beneficial in epilepsy. Sir John Colbatch, an English Physician in 1720 wrote a small publication titledThe Treatment of Epilepsy by Mistletoe. There has been confusion about the toxicity of this herb but paying attention to the correct botanical and current safety warnings, the herb can safely be used.

Motherwort was used to calm epileptics during the 17th century and now is used as a nerve tonic and sedative. Current evidence has confirmed its benefits as a cardiotonic and hot-water extracts also show sedative and anti-epileptic effects in animals.

Extracts of Mugwort have been injected into laboratory animals confirming its sedative effects so researchers conclude it is possible the herb could be beneficial for epilepsy. Mugwort has been used for this condition.

Sage is famous throughout history in many different cultures as a miracle herb. A constituent in a Chinese variety Salvia militiorrhiza may become the source of a new tranquilizing agent but without the side-effects of Valium. Valium and Librium are benzodiazepines which are widely prescribed since 1960 to treat epilepsy. Benzodiazepines act on the central B2 receptors in the central nervous system. The herb compound also interacts with the central B[SUB]2[/SUB] receptors.

Scullcap has always been known as a mild and safe nervine. Traditionally it has been used for delirium tremens, St. Vitus dance, convulsions, seizures, hysterical states, lockjaw, tremors and epilepsy.

Blue Vervain is worth mentioning here after reading old American herb doctors tales of their successes with stubborn cases of epilepsy. Blue Vervain is another wonderful herb nervine use by many cultures all over the world. It is an American Indian remedy for several diseases including nervous afflictions.

Black Cohosh is so highly recommended in numerous respected publications. Like many of the herbs I have already mentioned its considered a sedative and antispasmodic and has been extensively used for epilepsy. I know the wonderful effects this herb provides our customers for a variety of conditions. This one would be a definite choice of mine.

Herbs have a balancing effect on our systems allowing the use of these kind of relaxing herbs mentioned above, to be used during the day without excessive drowsiness. I am a professional musician as well as an herbalist and for more high pressure concerts I sometimes use Valerian extract before the performance to keep me relaxed and breathing deep. In a situation like this, there is no danger of me falling asleep on stage and the herb just takes the edge off my nervousness. However, I would not take this herb before driving long distances on a road trip for example. I would be concerned it would make me feel too drowsy sitting hour after hour behind the wheel of a car. When in a relaxed state, like before bedtime, Valerian can really help as a sleep aid.

Vitamins and foods have been clinically studied for their beneficial effects on epilepsy. Vitamins especially B[SUB]1[/SUB] and E have shown good results. Foods that are clinically classified as antiepileptic are: asparagus, carob, wheat, ben nut, white lupine, Chinese cabbage, soybean, chives, buffalo gourd, groundnut, butternut, almond, opium poppy, tomato, Italian stone pine, chaya, cowpea, blackbean, pignut hickory, white mustard.

I sure do hope you have success with natural remedies. It is always advisable to consult your doctor about a new herbal regimen.
 
MziziMkavu said:
KIFAFA – KUPOOZA.
Tiba kwa kiharusi – matatizo ya awali.
- Mgonjwa anapaswa kukandwa kwa kutumia mafuta ya karafuu na mafuta ya zeituni kwenye uti wa mgongo na baadaye apakwe kichwani. Matibabu huendelea mpaka mtu apone.

Herbs for Epilepsy​



Question: What vitamins or herbs do you recommend for Epilepsy? I've been on Dilantin for over 15 years and I still have occasional seizures.

Answer: There is not a great amount of information about this topic in herb books. I did find the same small group of herbs mentioned in several books. In some ways this is comforting. Black Cohosh, Lobelia, Valerian, Scullcap were some of these repeated in many references. I especially like the information in books obviously based in scientific fact. I have plenty of faith in anecdotal evidence especially when the information is from historical sources. I don’t think past civilizations or generations would have bothered to pass on information about an herb if it wasn’t actually effective as a remedy. For me though, when passing on information to someone else I am much more comfortable using mainly scientific sources. This puts you in a better position for example if you want to share this information with your doctor.

Valerian is currently one of the most popular orthodox antispasmodic medications in Russia and Germany according to Daniel Mowrey author of Herbal Tonic Therapies. It is its anticonvulsant action that has been useful in treating epilepsy. My experience with herbs has shown what is a treatment for a condition is quite often a preventative for the condition. I cannot give you advice because I’m not a doctor but if it were me I would consider taking a small set of herbs or just one herb on a regular basis in hopes of preventing or lessening the severity of occasional seizures. Valerian looks good to me. Speaking of prevention, Valerian was used in the First World War to prevent shell shock in front-line troops. Valerian is a great herb to discuss here because it is classified as a tonic herb. It can regulate and balance opposite extremes. Recent research has shown it to be a sedative but more research has reported it can also stimulate in a way as to improve coordination, increase concentration and energy. This tonic nature of Valerian allows it to depress or stimulate where necessary depending on the current needs of the nervous system. Another way Valerian has been characterized by clinical studies is that it has neurotropic effects directly on higher centers of the central nervous system. One of the most remarkable aspects of Valerian is the almost total lack of toxicity, even with long term use.

Clinical studies have proven the antispasm action of Lobelia. Historically it has been used to treat epilepsy. While I may not know of any recent studies done on this herb for this condition, I would consider using it myself.

Chinese Ginseng, perhaps the most famous medicinal plant of China, is considered a tonic to whole body and has folk use for this condition.

Mistletoe has a historical use for epilepsy but no recent studies that I know of have focused on this condition. Hippocrates claimed it was highly effective remedy for the spleen and some modern European physicians believe treating the spleen may be beneficial in epilepsy. Sir John Colbatch, an English Physician in 1720 wrote a small publication titledThe Treatment of Epilepsy by Mistletoe. There has been confusion about the toxicity of this herb but paying attention to the correct botanical and current safety warnings, the herb can safely be used.

Motherwort was used to calm epileptics during the 17th century and now is used as a nerve tonic and sedative. Current evidence has confirmed its benefits as a cardiotonic and hot-water extracts also show sedative and anti-epileptic effects in animals.

Extracts of Mugwort have been injected into laboratory animals confirming its sedative effects so researchers conclude it is possible the herb could be beneficial for epilepsy. Mugwort has been used for this condition.

Sage is famous throughout history in many different cultures as a miracle herb. A constituent in a Chinese variety Salvia militiorrhiza may become the source of a new tranquilizing agent but without the side-effects of Valium. Valium and Librium are benzodiazepines which are widely prescribed since 1960 to treat epilepsy. Benzodiazepines act on the central B2 receptors in the central nervous system. The herb compound also interacts with the central B[SUB]2[/SUB] receptors.

Scullcap has always been known as a mild and safe nervine. Traditionally it has been used for delirium tremens, St. Vitus’ dance, convulsions, seizures, hysterical states, lockjaw, tremors and epilepsy.

Blue Vervain is worth mentioning here after reading old American herb doctors tales of their successes with stubborn cases of epilepsy. Blue Vervain is another wonderful herb nervine use by many cultures all over the world. It is an American Indian remedy for several diseases including nervous afflictions.

Black Cohosh is so highly recommended in numerous respected publications. Like many of the herbs I have already mentioned it’s considered a sedative and antispasmodic and has been extensively used for epilepsy. I know the wonderful effects this herb provides our customers for a variety of conditions. This one would be a definite choice of mine.

Herbs have a balancing effect on our systems allowing the use of these kind of relaxing herbs mentioned above, to be used during the day without excessive drowsiness. I am a professional musician as well as an herbalist and for more high pressure concerts I sometimes use Valerian extract before the performance to keep me relaxed and breathing deep. In a situation like this, there is no danger of me falling asleep on stage and the herb just takes the edge off my nervousness. However, I would not take this herb before driving long distances on a road trip for example. I would be concerned it would make me feel too drowsy sitting hour after hour behind the wheel of a car. When in a relaxed state, like before bedtime, Valerian can really help as a sleep aid.

Vitamins and foods have been clinically studied for their beneficial effects on epilepsy. Vitamins especially B[SUB]1[/SUB] and E have shown good results. Foods that are clinically classified as antiepileptic are: asparagus, carob, wheat, ben nut, white lupine, Chinese cabbage, soybean, chives, buffalo gourd, groundnut, butternut, almond, opium poppy, tomato, Italian stone pine, chaya, cowpea, blackbean, pignut hickory, white mustard.

I sure do hope you have success with natural remedies. It is always advisable to consult your doctor about a new herbal regimen.
Click to expand...
Upo juu sana mkuu
 
Degedege ni nini?

Ni hali ya ghafla ya kutingishika kwa mwili mzima au miguu na mikono, ambayo husababishwa na kukakamaa kwa misuli ya mwili. Hali hii uhusishwa na magonjwa ya ubongo kama kifafa, vichocheo vya kwenye damu kama upungufu wa sukari(hypoglycemia), upungufu wa oxygen(hypoxia), kushuka kwa shinikizo la damu(hypotension) na maambukizi na homa ya degedege.

Homa ni nini?

Ni hali ya kawaida ya mwili kujikinga na maambukizi. Na kwa watoto hutokea pale joto la mwili linapokuwa zaidi ya nyuzi 38 za sentigredi.


Homa ya Degedege ni nini?

Ni degedege linalotokea kwa watoto ghafla likiambatana na homa kali iliyotokana na kuongezeka haraka kwa joto la mwili. Ugonjwa huu utokea kwa wastani wa asilimia nne (4%) ya watoto walio kati ya umri wa miezi sita na miaka mitano. Watoto wengi ambao hupatwa na ugonjwa huu huwa haiwapelekei baadae kuwa na matatizo ya kudumu kama kupata ugonjwa wa kifafa, niasilimia tatu (3%) tu ambao wanaweza baadae kupata ugonjwa wa kifafa.
Mmoja kati ya watoto watatu anbao wamewahi kuwa na homa ya degedege wanaweza wakapatwa tena na tatizo hili.baabhi ya watoto wanaweza wasipatwe kabisa na tatizo hili au wakapatwa mara moja tu kwa maisha yao yote. Lakini hauna jinsi ya kutabiri ni mtoto yupi ambaye anaweza kupatwa na shambulio hili.

Homa ya Degedege Hutokea kwa Watoto Gani?

Watoto wanaweza kurithi tabia hii ya kuumwa homa ya degedege kutoka kwa wazazi wao. Kama mama au baba aliwahi kuumwa ugonjwa huu basi mtoto ana asilimia 10-20 zaidi ya kuumwa ugonjwa huu hukilinganisha na yule ambaye wazazi wake hawakuwai kuumwa ugonjwa huu.

Homa isababishwayo na maabukizi yoyote yale kama virus, bakteria na parasite

Dalili za Homa ya Degedege ni Zipi?
  • Shambulio la ugonjwa huu likijitokeza mtototo uanza na kupotewa na fahamu na muda mfupi baadae mwili, miguu na mikono uanza kukakamaa na kurudisha kichwa nyuma, baada ya hayo miguu na mikono uanza kujitikisa.
  • Kushindwa kupumua na kutokwa na mapovu mdomoni
  • Macho kugeukia nyuma na kuonekana kwa sehemu nyeupe ya jicho
  • Shambulio huisha baada ya muda mfupi mara nyingi chini ya dakika tano
  • Baada ya shambulio mtoto hupitiwa na usingizi mzito kama takribani dakika 30 hadi saa nzima.
  • Akizinduka anaweza kushindwa hata kukutambua na akawa atamani kitu chochote kwa muda huo.
Nini cha Kufanya Mtoto anapopatwa na Shambulio
  • Tulia na usichanganyikiwe
  • Ondoa vitu vya hatari karibu na mtoto na muweke sehemu ya usalama kama sakafuni.
  • Usijaribu kuweka kitu chochote mdomoni kwa mtoto hata vidole vyako.
  • Angalia muda wa shambulio kuanza hadi litakapo isha ili umueleze daktari.
  • Baada ya shambulio kuisha mlaze mtoto kwa upande na usimuamshe muache apumzike.
  • Shambulio la homa ya degedege sio kifafa na mtoto hapati maumivu yoyote wakati wa shambulio kwa hiyo usimpe dawa yoyote ile.
  • Baada ya hayo mpeleke mtoto kwenye zahanati, kituo cha afya au hospitali ya karibu kwa matibabu zaidi ya mtoto.
figganigga said:
Je, ni kweli maji taka ni dawa ya degedege
Habari wakuu,

Tangu zamani nmekuwa nikisikia kwamba dawa ya degedege ni maji machafu.

Ukiacha hizi nyumba za kisasa, lakini kama ni kijijini yale maji ya watu waliooga bafuni ndo unampaka mwili mzima toto mwenye degedege na anapona hapo hapo.

Kitakachokufanya ujue kapona au hajapona ni kwamba atajisaidia haja ndogo au haja kubwa. Kama hatajisaidia muda huo basi hajapona.

Kwamba unatengeneza shimo dogo nyuma ya bafu ili yake maji watu wanayooga yaingie...

Yakiwa mengi ndo unampaka lile tope la maji taka. Au yale maji machafu ya kwenye chemba. Sharti yawe machafu ya kutia kinyaa.

Kama unakuwa na kinyaa huwezi mpaka lakini kama utampaka mwili mzima atapona.

Nia ya kuanzisha uzi huu ni kutaka kupata kujua kama kuna mtu alishawahi kusikia hii idia na kishuhudia kama kweli inafanya kazi.

Mababu zetu wanadai walikuwa wanaitumia kabla dawa ya degedege haijapatikana.

Nyingine ni kumfukiza mavi ya tembo.

Nyingine ni kumuweka uvunguni na kumkojolea.

Nakaribisha mchango ili tuokoe kizazi. Je, ukweli ni upi?

=======

Sababu, dalili na aina za Dege dege kwa watoto (Seizures)

Utangulizi
Degedege ni mojawapo ya matatizo hatari sana kwa watoto na huogopesha sana wazazi na walezi wengi. Katika hili kuna dhana tofauti tofauti zilizojengeka miongoni mwa wanajamii, ambapo baadhi huamini degedege ina uhusiano na mambo ya ushirikina na kwamba huweza kutibiwa kwa njia za namna hiyo.

Wazazi na walezi wenye imani za namna hii hukataa kuwapeleka watoto wao hospitali wakiamini kuwa watakufa iwapo wataachwa wapate matibabu ya hospitali. Dhana nyingine iliyojengeka ni ile ya kuwa degedege ni tatizo linalotokea mara moja tu maishani mwa mtoto kitu ambacho si kweli. Aidha wapo pia baadhi ya wanajamii wanaohusisha degedege na ugonjwa wa Malaria pekee.

Ukweli ni kwamba karibu asilimia 3 ya watoto chini ya miaka 15 hupata degedege, nusu ya hawa hupata degedege linalosababishwa na homa kali. Kwa maana hiyo basi, degedege pia linaweza kumpata mtoto asiye na homa kama kifafa. Inakadiriwa kuwa mtoto 1 kati ya 100 hupata degedege la kifafa.

Degedege ni nini?
Degedege ni dalili inayoonesha mvurugano katika ufanyaji kazi wa seli za ubongo. Kwa kawaida, seli za ubongo ambazo kwa kitaalamu huitwa neurons huwasiliana kwa njia ya mtiririko wa umeme (electrical impulses).

Ni mtiririko huu wa mawasiliano ya umeme kati ya seli za ubongo ndiyo unaofanya mwili uweze kufanya kazi ipasavyo. Iwapo basi itatokea kuwepo sababu yeyote ile itakayosababisha mawasiliano kati ya seli za ubongo kutokuwa katika mtiririko sahihi mfano kuwepo msisimko wa mawasiliano, hali hiyo husababisha degedege.

Degedege husababishwa na nini?
Zipo sababu nyingi zinazoweza kusababisha degedege. Moja ya mambo yanayoweza kusababisha degedege ni kuwepo kwa jeraha katika ubongo (brain injury) ambalo linaweza kuwa kwa sababu yeyote ile ikiwemo jeraha analopata mtoto wakati wa kuzaliwa (brain ischemia).

Lakini pia kuna baadhi ya familia ambazo zinakuwa na matatizo ya kimaumbile katika ubongo zinazorithiwa toka kizazi hadi kizazi (mfano kifafa). Familia za namna hii huwa na watoto ambao hupatwa na degedege kwa kiasi kikubwa zaidi kuliko familia ambazo hazina matatizo haya.

Vilevile degedege inaweza kuhusishwa na hali ya mabadiliko ya muda mfupi katika ubongo kama vile joto kali, matumizi ya madawa ya kulevya kama cocaine, amphetamine, viwango visivyo vya kawaida vya sukari na sodium katika damu (electrolytes imbalance) na uwepo wa uvimbe katika ubongo (brain tumor).

Sababu nyingine zinazoweza kusababisha degedege
  • saratani ya ubongo,
  • matatizo ya kimaumbile katika ubongo ya kuzaliwa nayo (congenital brain defects),
  • mashambulizi ya vimelea vya bakteria, virusi, fangasi katika ubongo kama vile ugonjwa wa uti wa mgongo (meningitis).
Aidha matatizo katika ini na figo pia yanaweza kusababisha degedege. Pia kuna matatizo ya kimetaboliki (metabolic diseases) kama vile ugonjwa wa kukojoa kiwango kikubwa kuliko kawaida cha aina fulani ya tindikali ya amino ujulikanao kama Phenylketonuria (PKU) hasa kwa watoto chini ya mwaka mmoja.

Aina za Degedege
Degedege la homa (Febrile Seizures)
Hii ni aina ya degedege ambayo hutokea mara nyingi zaidi kwa watoto kuliko aina nyingine za degedege. Kwa ujumla hutibika na kupona kwa urahisi kuliko aina nyingine za degedege. Hata hata hivyo aina hii ya degedege inaweza kuashiria kuwepo kwa tatizo hatari la maambukizi ya bakteria katika mwili (sepsis) au katika ubongo wa mtoto (bacteria meningitis).

Degedege la homa linaweza pia kusababishwa na magonjwa kama malaria, mashambulizi ya vimelea katika njia ya hewa (Respiratory tract infection), uambukizi katika njia ya chakula (Gastroenteritis) na uambukizi katika njia ya mkojo (UTI). Kwa hiyo ni vema kumchunguza kwa kina kila mtoto anayepata degedege la homa ili kufahamu chanzo na kukipatia matibabu muafaka.

Kwa kawaida degedege la homa hutokea kwa watoto wenye umri kati ya miezi 6 mpaka miaka 5, ingawa kundi la watoto walio na umri wa miezi 14 mpaka 18 ndilo linaloongoza kwa kuathirika zaidi. Tafiti bado zinaendelea kujaribu kufahamu uhusiano kati ya homa kali na kutokea kwa degedege ingawa baadhi ya wanasayansi wanahusisha zaidi na sababu za kijenetiki (genetical reasons).

Kuna aina 2 za degedege la homa
  • Degedege la homa rahisi (A simple febrile Seizure) ni aina ya degedege ambalo linaambatana na kupanda ghafla kwa joto la mwili kufikia nyuzi joto 39 za sentigredi au zaidi, linadumu chini ya dakika 15, linahusisha mwili mzima likifuatiwa na kipindi kifupi cha kama kizunguzungu kwa mtoto (drowsiness) na linatokea mara 1 katika kipindi cha masaa 24. Aina hii ya degedege haisababishi jeraha la kudumu katika ubongo na ni asilimia chache huendelea mpaka kufikia hatua ya kuwa tatizo la kifafa.
  • Degedege la homa lisilo rahisi (A complex febrile Seizures) ni aina ya degedege ambalo hudumu zaidi ya dakika 15 au linalohusisha sehemu fulani ya mwili wa mtoto (siyo mwili mzima) na kutokea zaidi ya mara 1 katika kipindi cha masaa 24. Aina hii ina uwezekano mkubwa wa kusababisha kifafa hapo siku za baadaye.
Degedege lisilo na homa (Unprovoked Seizures)
Ni aina ya degedege ambalo haliambatani na homa. Mara nyingi aina hii inaashiria uwepo wa tatizo katika ubongo inayosababisha mtiririko wa mawasiliano kati ya seli za ubongo wakati mwingine kuwa wa kasi kupita kiasi. Degedege la namna hii huwa na tabia ya kujirudia rudia katika takribani nusu ya idadi ya watoto wanaopatwa nalo. Hapa inahitajika kupata historia ya mtoto na familia yake kwa umakini ili kuweza kujua kama kuna historia ya kifafa katika familia/ukoo au tatizo la degedege la homa kabla na matatizo katika seli za neva. Vilevile ni muhimu kupima viwango cha madini mwilini hasa sodium, sukari, au sumu katika damu. Iwapo litatokea mara 2 zaidi ya masaa 24 hapo inaashiria tatizo la kifafa.

Degedege linalotokea upande mmoja wa mwili (Partial Seizures)
Katika hili, sehemu mojawapo ya ubongo huhusika na matokeo yake ni sehemu tu ya mwili inayoonesha dalili za degedege. Aina hii ya degedege hutokea kwa namna mbili tofauti. Mtoto anaweza kupoteza fahamu kwahiyo asijue linalotokea (a complex partial seizure) au degedege linaweza kumpata mtoto pasipo kupoteza fahamu (a simple partial seizure). Wakati mwingine inaweza kukuwia vigumu kutambua aina hii ya degedege (simple partial seizure) kwa sababu kwa kawaida huchukua muda mfupi sana kama sekunde 10 mpaka 20 hivi na wakati mwingine mtoto anaweza akawa na uwezo wa kuongea wakati degedege likiwa linaendelea.

Kwa kawaida degedege la namna hii uhusisha kucheza kwa misuli sehemu za uso, shingo au sehemu fulani za mikono. Mzazi au mlezi anaweza kufikiri labda mtoto anaonesha mojawapo ya sehemu ya kawaida ya michezo ya watoto. Ili kuweza kutofautisha na michezo mingine, ni kwamba degedege likianza mtoto hawezi kulizuia mpaka limalizike hata kama mzazi utamwambia aache kufanya anayofanya wakati kama ni mojawapo ya michezo yake ni rahisi kuzuia.

Degedege linalohusisha mwili mzima (Generalized Seizures)
Hapa sehemu kubwa ya ubongo huathirika na matokeo yake ni mwili wote kuonesha dalili za degedege ikiwemo kupoteza fahamu.Aina hii vilevile inaweza kuelezewa kwa namna mbili yaani
  • degedege potevu (Absence seizure)
  • Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure.
Degedege potevu (Absence seizure) ni aina ya degedege ambalo ni nadra kutokea kwa mtoto chini ya miaka 5, na mara nyingi linawahusisha sana watoto wa kike. Degedege la namna hii mara nyingi sana hudumu si zaidi ya dakika 1. Uhusisha kupoteza fahamu na kuduwaa pasipo fanya kitu chochote kwa sekunde kadhaa kabla ya mtoto kurudiwa na fahamu na kuendelea na shughuli zake za awali.

Inaweza kumtokea mtoto mara nyingi kwa siku. Pamoja na kupoteza fahamu lakini nguvu ya misuli haipotei, kwa hiyo kama mtoto alikuwa amekaa atabakia kuwa amekaa badala ya kudondoka chini. Kuna hadithi moja ya mtoto ambaye amewahi kukumbwa na tatizo hili wakati akivuka barabara, na akasimama ghafla barabarani bila kujielewa.

Degedege la kifafa (Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure) ni aina ya degedege ambalo pia mara nyingi huwapata watoto. Aina hii ya degedege inakuwa na kiashiria muda mfupi kabla ya degedege. Viashiria hivi vinatofautiana kati ya mtoto na mtoto, inaweza kuwa kuhisi kama vitu kutembea mwilini, kuhisi kichefuchefu, harufu, kichwa kuuma, tumbo kuuma, kuhisi uoga, mabadiliko ya ladha tofauti mdomoni nk.

Watoto ambao wana tatizo hili la degedege kwa muda mrefu wanajua pindi pale viashiria vinavyowapata na inakuwa rahisi kwake kukimbilia sehemu ambayo anaona ni salama kabla ya degedege kuanza. Mtoto hupoteza fahamu, wengine hutoa sauti, hugeuza macho au kuyachezesha na misuli ya mwili mzima kukamaa au kuchezacheza.

Wakati wa degedege mtoto anaweza kuung’ata ulimi wake, kukojoa na hata wakati mwingine kupata haja kubwa. Baada ya degedege ambalo linaweza kudumu kwa dakika kadhaa, mtoto anabakia katika hali ya usingizi kwa takribani nusu saa au hata kwa zaidi ya saa 1.

Degedege la watoto wachanga (Neonatal seizure)
Hili huwapata watoto wachanga wenye umri chini ya siku 28 kwa sababu mbalimbali kama vile maambukizi ya vimelea viletavyo magonjwa, matatizo ya kimaumbile ya kuzaliwa nayo (Congenital structural abnormalities), sumu nk. Jinsi au namna wanavyopata degedege ni tofauti sana na watoto wengine kwa sababu degedege linalohusisha misuli ya mwili mzima halitokei kwa watoto wachanga.

Mara nyingi wanakuwa kama wanatafuna kitu, wakati mwingine macho kuyaelekeza upande mmoja bila ya kuyachezesha huku wakiwa wamekakamaa, pia wanaweza kuchezesha miguu kama wanaendesha baiskeli, lakini vilevile degedege linaweza kujionyesha kwa kubadilika rangi, au kutopumua kwa muda (apnea).

Degedege linalodumu kwa muda mrefu (Status Epilepticus)
Aina hii ya degedege ambayo ni ya hatari zaidi hutokea pale ambapo mtoto anapata degedege zaidi ya dakika 30 na zaidi pasipo kurudi katika hali yake ya ufahamu.

Dalili za degedege
Kulingana na sehemu ya ubongo iliyohusika, dalili za degedege huonekana katika sehemu tofauti tofauti za mwili. Inaweza kuhusisha sehemu moja ya mwili (localized) ambapo unaweza kuona misuli ya upande mmoja wa mwili wa mtoto ikicheza na kukakamaa au inaweza kuhusisha mwili wote (generalized).
Degedege linaweza kuambatana pia na upotevu wa fahamu kwa mtoto. Kuna baadhi ya degedege inawia vigumu kutambua pale inapotokea. Degedege hutofautiana kutegemea na umri wa mtoto. Degedege linalowapata watoto wachanga ni tofauti na la watoto wa umri mwingine.

Zifuatazo ni dalili mbalimbali za degedege zinazoweza kutokea kwa mtoto wa umri wowote
  • Mabadiliko katika mfumo wa fahamu ambapo mtoto hupoteza fahamu
  • Mabadiliko katika hisia kama vile kuwa na woga, hofu isiyoelezeka, furaha iliyopitiliza au kicheko kisicho na maelezo
  • Mabadiliko katika hisia ya ngozi kama mtoto kujihisi kutambaliwa na mdudu kwenye mkono, mguu, mgongoni (tactile hallucinations) n.k
  • Mabadiliko katika macho kama vile kuona vitu vya ajabu ambavyo havipo (visual hallucinations), kuona mwanga ikiwaka na kuzima (flashing lights)
  • Upungufu wa nguvu ya misuli hali inayoambatana na kudondoka chini ghafla
  • Misuli kukakamaa au misuli kucheza ambapo inaweza kuwa sehemu moja ya mwili au kuhusisha mwili wote
  • Mabadiliko katika hisia ya ulimi ambapo mtoto hujihisi hali ya uchungu mdomoni
Katika hizi dalili, inawezekana kabisa mtoto akaonesha dalili mojawapo tu au akawa na dalili zaidi ya moja. Dalili hizi zinaweza kudumu kwa muda mchache sana toka sekunde mpaka dakika chache au kuwepo kwa muda mrefu zaidi ya dakika 30.

Vipimo
Ni muhimu kwa watoto wote kufanyiwa mahojiano na uchunguzi wa kina ili kugundua tatizo. Kabla ya vipimo ni muhimu kupata taarifa ya mtoto kutoka kwa mzazi/mlezi kuhusu historia ya kuzaliwa, ugonjwa wowote kwa wakati huo au siku za karibuni, matumizi ya dawa au kemikali yoyote.
  • Kipimo cha damu si lazima kwa watoto wenye simple febrile seizuires. Uchunguzi wa kimaabara hufanyika kulingana na historia ya mtoto na hali yake kwa ujumla.
  • Kipimo cha mkojo
  • Kipimo cha maji ya uti wa mgongo (Lumbar Puncture)
  • Imaging Kipimo hiki CT Scan kinafanyika pale tunapohisi kuwa na hitilafu katika mfumo wa neva
  • Electroencephalography (EEG)
  • Chromosome na DNA
  • TORCH antibodies studies
Matibabu
Matibabu kwa watoto wadogo ni tofauti na watu wazima. Isipokuwa kwa sababu maalum na baada ya uchunguzi, watoto hawatakiwi kupata dawa pale wanapopata degedege kwa mara ya kwanza. Sababu ya kutowapa dawa mara ya kwanza wanapokwenda hospitalini ni
  • Madaktari wengi wanakuwa hawana uhakika kama lililotokea ni degedege au la
  • Dawa nyingi zina madhara makubwa kwa mtoto
  • Mara nyingi watoto wengi wanapata degdege mara moja
Kama dawa itatolewa, daktari atatoa dawa sahihi katika ngazi husika kulingana na majibu ya uchunguzi uliofanyika na vilevile kumfuatilia mtoto ili kujua kama kuna madhara yeyote baada ya kutumia dawa. Mara nyingi huchukua wiki na zaidi au miezi kuizoea dawa na wakati mwingine inahitajika dawa zaidi ya moja kuweza kulikabili tatizo.

Dr. Paul J. Mwanyika
Dr. Paul J. Mwanyika ni Daktari Bingwa waTiba na Uchunguzi wa Magonjwa ya Watoto (Pediatrics).

pmwanyika@yahoo.co.uk
Click to expand...
 
Heshima zenu wote,naombeni msaada wa dhati wandugu,nina mtoto wangu wa kiume ana miaka 4,hadi umri huo haongei.baada ya vipimo ikathibitika ana kifafa japo hajawahi kuanguka hata siku moja.

Anaendelea na dose ya carbamazepin. Nimepata kusikia kuna tiba mbadala na kuna diet maalum ambayo wagonjwa wa kifafa huitumia japo siifahamu. Naomba mwenye elimu zaidi kuhusu tiba ya ugonjwa huu anisaidie, natamani nione siku moja mwanangu akiongea.

Asanteni sana.
 
Jana katika safari za huku na kule, nikiwa kwenye daladala kuna mmama mmoja alipatwa na mshtuko na kuanza kutoa mapovu mdomoni, kitu nilichoambiwa na abiria wengine ni kwamba ni mgonjwa wa kifafa, kulikuwa kuna kijana aliyekuwa na huyo mgonjwa alijaribu kumpepea na kumtuliza mgonjwa wake.watu wakawa wanasema akimfuta yale mapovu anaweza kufariki, na yale mapovu yakikupata unaweza ukapata ule ugonjwa.nina maswali kuhusu huu ugonjwa.

1. Je, nini ni source ya huu ugonjwa?
2. Je, unarithika?
3. Kwanini yale mapovu yakifutwa yanaweza kuhatarisha maisha ya mgonjwa?
4. Mtu akipatwa na kifafa anatakiwa apewe first aid gani?
5. Je, ugonjwa huu unatibika?

Naombeni majibu ili nipate ufahamu zaidi.

Ahsanteni
 
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