Utakatishaji fedha(Money laundering): Dhana iliyojificha kwa wengi!

JamiiForums

Official JF Response
Nov 9, 2006
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Kumekuwepo maswali kadha wa kadha toka kwa wadau wakitaka kujua maana ya UTAKATISHAJI FEDHA (Money laundering), wengine huita "PESA/FEDHA CHAFU" na tumeona ni vema ikaeleweka kwa lugha rahisi kwa kutumia ufafanuzi toka kwa wadau mbalimbali na vyanzo vya uhakika.

Mifano ya Wanaotaka kujua:
Wadau naomba mnisaidie kiswahili kwa kesi ya Kajala Masanja kwamba ametakatisha fedha....

Nini maana yake
Ndugu wanajamvi,

Aghalabu husikika habari za watu kuhusishwa na utakatishaji fedha chafu na pengine kuhukumiwa kwenda jela, kwa vile kitendo hicho ni kinyume na sheria.

Napenda kujuzwa hasa hizo pesa chafu ni zipi? Kuna ulazima gani kuzitakatisha? Je, kuna uhusiano wowote kati ya fedha chafu na black dollar?

Naomba kuwasilisha.

=====
Kutoka vyanzo mbalimbali mtandaoni (Kiingereza):

Money obtained from certain crimes, such as extortion, insider trading, drug trafficking and illegal gambling is "dirty". It needs to be cleaned to appear to have been derived from legal activities so that banks and other financial institutions will deal with it without suspicion. Money can be laundered by many methods, which vary in complexity and sophistication.

Money laundering involves three steps: the first involves introducing cash into the financial system by some means ("placement"); the second involves carrying out complex financial transactions to camouflage the illegal source of the cash ("layering"); and finally, acquiring wealth generated from the transactions of the illicit funds ("integration"). Some of these steps may be omitted, depending on the circumstances. For example, non-cash proceeds that are already in the financial system would not need to be placed.

According to the United States Treasury Department:

Money laundering is the process of making illegally-gained proceeds (i.e. "dirty money") appear legal (i.e. "clean"). Typically, it involves three steps: placement, layering and integration. First, the illegitimate funds are furtively introduced into the legitimate financial system. Then, the money is moved around to create confusion, sometimes by wiring or transferring through numerous accounts. Finally, it is integrated into the financial system through additional transactions until the "dirty money" appears "clean."​

Methods:
Money laundering can take several forms, although most methods can be categorized into one of a few types. These include "bank methods, smurfing [also known as structuring], currency exchanges, and double-invoicing".
  • Structuring: Often known as smurfing, this is a method of placement whereby cash is broken into smaller deposits of money, used to defeat suspicion of money laundering and to avoid anti-money laundering reporting requirements. A sub-component of this is to use smaller amounts of cash to purchase bearer instruments, such as money orders, and then ultimately deposit those, again in small amounts.
  • Bulk cash smuggling: This involves physically smuggling cash to another jurisdiction and depositing it in a financial institution, such as an offshore bank, with greater bank secrecy or less rigorous money laundering enforcement.
  • Cash-intensive businesses: In this method, a business typically expected to receive a large proportion of its revenue as cash uses its accounts to deposit criminally derived cash. Such enterprises often operate openly and in doing so generate cash revenue from incidental legitimate business in addition to the illicit cash – in such cases the business will usually claim all cash received as legitimate earnings. Service businesses are best suited to this method, as such businesses have little or no variable costs and/or a large ratio between revenue and variable costs, which makes it difficult to detect discrepancies between revenues and costs. Examples are parking buildings, strip clubs, tanning beds, car washes, and casinos.
  • Trade-based laundering: This involves under or overvaluing invoices to disguise the movement of money.
  • Shell companies and trusts: Trusts and shell companies disguise the true owner of money. Trusts and corporate vehicles, depending on the jurisdiction, need not disclose their true, beneficial, owner. Sometimes referred to by the slang term rathole though that term usually refers to a person acting as the fictitious owner rather a business entity.
  • Round-tripping: Here, money is deposited in a controlled foreign corporation offshore, preferably in a tax haven where minimal records are kept, and then shipped back as a foreign direct investment, exempt from taxation. A variant on this is to transfer money to a law firm or similar organization as funds on account of fees, then to cancel the retainer and, when the money is remitted, represent the sums received from the lawyers as a legacy under a will or proceeds of litigation.
  • Bank capture: In this case, money launderers or criminals buy a controlling interest in a bank, preferably in a jurisdiction with weak money laundering controls, and then move money through the bank without scrutiny.
  • Casinos: In this method, an individual walks into a casino and buys chips with illicit cash. The individual will then play for a relatively short time. When the person cashes in the chips, they will expect to take payment in a check, or at least get a receipt so they can claim the proceeds as gambling winnings.
  • Other gambling: Money is spent on gambling, preferably on higher odds. One way to minimize risk with this method is to bet on every possible outcome of some event where there are many possible outcomes and no outcome(s) have short odds – the bettor will lose only the vigorish and will have (a) "winning" bet(s) that can be shown as the source of money should this be requested. The "losing" bets will remain hidden.
  • Real estate: Someone purchases real estate with illegal proceeds and then sells the property. To outsiders, the proceeds from the sale look like legitimate income. Alternatively, the price of the property is manipulated: the seller agrees to a contract that under-represents the value of the property, and receives criminal proceeds to make up the difference.
  • Black salaries: A company may have unregistered employees without a written contract and pay them cash salaries. Dirty money might be used to pay them.
  • Tax amnesties: For example, those that legalize unreported assets in tax havens and cash
  • Fictitious loans
  • A goal of money laundering is to be able to use the dirty money for private consumption. If unable to use it openly, the traditional way to keep the dirty money near is hiding it as cash at home or other places. A more modern method is a credit card connected to a tax haven bank.
Ufafanuzi toka kwa wadau ndani ya JamiiForums:

Kwa lugha ya nyengine ni money laundering; Ni kuzifanya fedha zilizopatikana kwa njia ya kharam kua halali. Mfano zitokanazo na madawa ya kulevya, Ujambazi, Utapeli, Hela ulizouza bandia ukapewa fedha halisi.

Kuna hatua tatu kuzitakatisha:

Placement: Kuzipack mfano briefcase au kuingia nazo mipakani ili exchange

Layering: Kuziweka mfumo wa kibenki, Ama kulipia mikopo au kuzichezea kamari au kuzitia kwenye kitega uchumi.

Integration: Hapa ni sawa na kuzivuna kwa sababu wataalamu na vyombo vya usalama hapa wanajua wewe ni mcheza kamari, ama ukiziweka kwa kitega uchumi wanajua umezipata huko, Ama kama umelipia mkopo wanajua sasa wewe unatumia mali zako.

Kwanini uzitakatishe??

Ndio lazima kwa sababu ukimiliki fedha nyingi watu hawajui unapozipata.Ndio hapo usalama na vyombo vya ulinzi vitapo kuandama na kukushutumu kua wewe muuza unga,au jambazi au tapeli mana hawaoni vyanzo. Hata wananchi wakawaida ndo watafikiria hivyo.

Kwanini unaona wahindi wachina wana viofice vya ajabu ila wana mipesa tele???
Ndio kwa sababu wanapiga mi-deal mikubwa kama ya ujangili pale wanatakatisha fedha hata kama ana kihoteli kidogo na hakina wateja basi hashughuliki mana anatakatisha fedha tu pale.

Wapi kuna utakatishaji mkubwa hasa hawa viongozi wa Afrika? Ni huko Dubai

Shukrani

Kutakatisha fedha kimantiki ni kusafisha ela ambazo zimepatikana kwa njia chafu.
Kitalaamu zaidi ni 'money laundering'.

Fedha zinakuwa zimepatikana katika njia zisizo halali. Kwa mfano corruption, arms dealing, through prostitution rings ama hata kidnappings.

Ela kama hizi zinafichwa kwenye mabenki ili ku-hide true owners hii inaitwa PLACEMENT.
Baada ya hapo zinakuwa integrated kwenye uchumi, INTERGRATION kupitia uwekezaji ama njia nyingine kama kununua mali kama nyumba za bei ghali na magari.

Hapa ela inakuwa imesafishwa siyo chafu tena.

Huyu Kajala binafsi sifahamu lakini itakuwa ni kesi ya money laundering. Yaani hela zilipatikana katika njia zisizo halali ndio akasafisha kwa kununua labda mali kama nyumba na magari au through other investments.
 
Wadau naomba mnisaidie kiswahili kwa kesi ya Kajala Masanja kwamba ametakatisha fedha....

Nini maana yake
 
wanakuwaga na makaratasi fulani hivi yamekatwa kama hela hivi mara nyingi ni kwenye us dollars so wanachokifanya ni kuzisafisha kwa kutumia kemikali maalumu then itakuwa pesa kabisa na watu wengi wametajirika sana .
hi biashara ni haramu na ni zaidi ya kuhujumu uchumi usijaribu
 
wanakuwaga na makaratasi fulani hivi yamekatwa kama hela hivi mara nyingi ni kwenye us dollars so wanachokifanya ni kuzisafisha kwa kutumia kemikali maalumu then itakuwa pesa kabisa na watu wengi wametajirika sana .
hi biashara ni haramu na ni zaidi ya kuhujumu uchumi usijaribu

Kusafisha pesa kwa kingereza ni "Money Laundering". Maana yake unaichukua pesa ambayo haijapatikana kihalali unaingiza kwenye mzunguko halali.

Mfano pesa iliyopatikana kwa kuuza mihadarati, madawa ya kulevya au uharamia ni pesa haramu (dirty money). Pesa hii iliyopatikana kiharamia ukiingiza kwenye mzunguko wa pesa kwa kununua biashara halali, kujenga nyumba au kuweka kwenye bank hapo unakuwa umesishwa na kosa la kutakatisha pesa.

Kosa hili ni kubwa sana duniani nzima, nchi kama Marekani unaweza kula miaka 50 kirahisi sana. Ndio maana wengine tulisema kwamba kwa nini Waziri Mramba na wenzie hawakufungulia kesi ya kutakatisha pesa? Hii ni zaidi ya kuhujumu uchumi.
 
Msingi wa neno hili ni kuwa fedha lazima itokane na kazi, huduma au bidhaa.

Fedha = Kazi, Huduma, Bidhaa.

Fedha zinazopatikana tofauti na hapo ni fedha chafu. Mfano fedha za wizi, malipo hewa, ufisadi n.k

Ili kuzifanya zikubalike watu huzisafisha kwa kupitia malipo kwa makampuni eg EPA, au kuzideposit into bank account.

Sijui kama nimesaidia
 
Na wale waarabu wa liotolewa kwenye luninga nao pia ni watakatishaji?,yule babu namjua ni maarufu sana Arusha.Nyumba yake ilipigwa mawe na kuunguzwa na moto kipindi kile cha maandamano ya CDM,nasikia polisi walimfuata ili wa asses uharibifu,Mzee aliwagomea akasema ni bahati mbaya.Hapo ndio bifu lilipoanza kisa kawakosesa ulaji.
 
Kwa hiyo kutakatisha ni kuifanya takatifu, yaani the opposite of chafu
 
Goodrich,

Acha uwongo.

Soma hii;

How to Clean Paper Money
Unfortunately, there is really no good way to clean paper money. You can try soap and water, but it doesn't do much to penetrate the surface of the bill. You can always run your paper money through the washing machine in your pants pocket, and then let it air dry.

Other than that, just keep your money in your wallet and out of the dirt. And if you have a really gross dollar bill you don't want to look at anymore, you can spend it and pawn it off on someone else or trade it in for a crisp new one at the bank.

How to Clean Coins:
There are basically two ways you can go about cleaning your (not valuable) coins. You can wash them and/or you can dip them. If you want to simply wash the coins, these are the supplies you'll need:
  • Dish soap (the kind for hand-washing)
  • A rag or dish towel
  • Tap water and/or distilled water
  • A Small bowl
 
Mchaka Mchaka

At least concept ya Goodrich nilikuwa bado nai-absorb na inakuja kiaina, sasa wewe umekuja na mpya na kunifanya nipoteze dira.

Please nahitaji ufafanuzi zaidi.
 
Wadau naomba mnisaidie kiswahili kwa kesi ya Kajala Masanja kwamba ametakatisha fedha....

Nini maana yake
Neno kutakatisha ni kukifanya kitu kuwa kitakatifu yaani hakina dosari mfano Hela ya EPA kama ilivyochukuliwa kwa njia haramu ikirudishwa ili itumike ktk jamii yetu ni lazima itakatishwe isitumike mara tu baada ya kurudishwa kutoka kwa mwizi huyo HUO NDIO UTAKATISHAJI.

Lakini ktk kesi ya huyu MASANJA yeye pia ni mwizi ma anahalarisaha FEDHA BANDIA KUWA SAFI HUO SIO UTAKATISHAJI NI WIZI.
 
Wadau naomba mnisaidie kiswahili kwa kesi ya Kajala Masanja kwamba ametakatisha fedha....Nini maana yake

Kutakatisha fedha kimantiki ni kusafisha ela ambazo zimepatikana kwa njia chafu.
Kitalaamu zaidi ni 'money laundering'.

Fedha zinakuwa zimepatikana katika njia zisizo halali. Kwa mfano corruption, arms dealing, through prostitution rings ama hata kidnappings.

Ela kama hizi zinafichwa kwenye mabenki ili ku-hide true owners hii inaitwa PLACEMENT.
Baada ya hapo zinakuwa integrated kwenye uchumi, INTERGRATION kupitia uwekezaji ama njia nyingine kama kununua mali kama nyumba za bei ghali na magari.

Hapa ela inakuwa imesafishwa siyo chafu tena.

Huyu Kajala binafsi sifahamu lakini itakuwa ni kesi ya money laundering. Yaani hela zilipatikana katika njia zisizo halali ndio akasafisha kwa kununua labda mali kama nyumba na magari au through other investments.
 
Notable cases za aina hii Tanzania hivi sasa ni kama ile ya Advocate Mwale wa Arusha aliyekutwa na several billions in his account...Hii iliripotiwa sana magazetini..
 
Notable cases za aina hii Tanzania hivi sasa ni kama ile ya Advocate Mwale wa Arusha aliyekutwa na several billions in his account...Hii iliripotiwa sana magazetini..


From Goodrich, Juma Bundala and now Kevo, Thank you guys, NOW I KNOW.
 
Naamini kuna watu wenye uelewa wa hii makitu wazee. Hivi mtu anaposema sijui kutakatisha fedha haramu huwa anakuwa na maana gani. Mara nasikia ooh fulani amehukumiwa kwa kosa la kusafisha fedha zilizotokana na madawa ya kulevya. Hizi fedha zinasafishwa na nini? Na huo uchafu unaosafishwa ni upi? Naomba majibu na siyo masaibu.
 
Mbona ni rahisi? Tuseme wewe mathalan unauza unga, au madawa mengineyo ya kulevya ambayo ni haramu. Pesa unayopata kwenye hiyo biashara ni pesa chafu.

Na kwa nchi kama vile Marekani, huwezi kuiweka benki kwa sababu watataka kujua umeipataje na kama umelipa kodi. Nasikia kwa wenzetu Waitalia ilikuwa rahisi kwenda Mombasa na Zanzibar kujenga hoteli za utalii.

Pesa waliyotumia ilikuwa pesa haramu lakini biashara ya hoteli ni biashara halali inayotambulika. Sasa kwa mtu kama huyu hapo Bongo, labda atajenga nyumba, hoteli, au hata flats za kupangisha. Kwa kufanya hivyo, anasafisha pesa haramu. Umenielewa bibie?
 
Mbona ni rahisi? Tuseme wewe mathalan unauza unga, au madawa mengineyo ya kulevya ambayo ni haramu. Pesa unayopata kwenye hiyo biashara ni pesa chafu. Na kwa nchi kama vile Marekani, huwezi kuiweka benki kwa sababu watataka kujua umeipataje na kama umelipa kodi. Nasikia kwa wenzetu Waitalia ilikuwa rahisi kwenda Mombasa na Zanzibar kujenga hoteli za utalii. Pesa waliyotumia ilikuwa pesa haramu lakini biashara ya hoteli ni biashara halali inayotambulika. Sasa kwa mtu kama huyu hapo Bongo, labda atajenga nyumba, hoteli, au hata flats za kupangisha. Kwa kufanya hivyo, anasafisha pesa haramu. Umenielewa bibie?

Kwahiyo fedha itokanayo na dawa za kulevya pekee ndiyo haramu? Vipi kuhusu fedha itokanayo na rushwa? Na ina madhara gani kwenye uchumi? Kwani kuna tatizo gani kama nauza unga kisha natumia faida kujengea hospitali, shule za kisasa, hoteli etc na kutoa ajira?
 
Hii kitu wenyewe wanaiita Money Laundering.
Unachukua fedha haramu ambayo ni Mamilioni ya $$$$ na kuirudisha katika mfumo wa Mabenki kwa kukata 10%- 20% ya fedha haramu kwa maajenti wa abenki Makubwa ya kimataifa.

Network ya Money Laundering wenyewe wanaiita Cartail

Kama ulivyosema ni figurative language kuonyesha kwamba unatakasisha fedha Haramu.

Ukiuza madawa ya kulevya na kupata $10,000 ni rahisi sana kuingia nazo mtaani na kutumia bila matatizo yeyote. ukiwa na $100,000 vile vile unaweza usipate taabu sana kutumia bila kufanya watu wajue na kukutuhumu.

Sasa fikiria ukipata $1000,000,000.00 unaweza kuingia nazo mtaani ukaanza kutumia bila kufanya jamii au serikali kushituka?

Wale wauzao madawa ya kulevya na kutengeneza fedha za nguvu kaa $10Million ni lazima watafute njia ya kuziingiza katika system kama Mabenki ya ndani na ya nje bila kuishitua serikali au jamii.

Hapo ndipo kazi ya kusafisha Fedha huanza.
Money Laundering ni shughuli yenye kuingiza faida zaidi ya USD Billion 100 kila mwaka.

Wezi wa EPA wote walifanya Money Laundering.
Malipo ya pembeni ya mikataba Fake yote Tanzania yamelipwa through System kama hiyo.

Ukiwa na Fedha kibao hapo naongelea $2000,000.00 huwezi kwenda nazo cash benki na kusema nataka kufungua Account.
Benki zote za kawaida duniani watakuuliza umetoa wapi.

Siku z anyuma Benki za Somalia, Rwanda Burundi na Zaire hazikuwahi ona taabu kufungua account ukija na mabilioni ya dola kufungua account kwa sababu serikali za nchi hizo hazikuwa na sheria ya Money Laundering. Hata sasa hivi ni rahisi kwa benki nyingi za nchi masikini kufungua account cash za fedha nyingi ili mradi uwe tayari kukata mpunga wa nguvu.

Katika nchi masikini kama Tanzania kuna Financial companies nyingi sana ambazo ni maajenti wa biashara ya Money Laundering kwa niaba ya mabeni mazito ya Uswis Marekani na Wingereza.

Ni biashara haramu ambayo viongozi wa serikali nyingi duniani huitumia kusafirisha fedha wanazo ibia serikai zao na kuziweka katika Mabenki ya Uswis na sasa Dubai.



Naamini kuna watu wenye uelewa wa hii makitu wazee. Hivi mtu anaposema sijui kutakatisha fedha haramu huwa anakuwa na maana gani. Mara nasikia ooh fulani amehukumiwa kwa kosa la kusafisha fedha zilizotokana na madawa ya kulevya. Hizi fedha zinasafishwa na nini? Na huo uchafu unaosafishwa ni upi? Naomba majibu na siyo masaibu.
 
Kwahiyo fedha itokanayo na dawa za kulevya pekee ndiyo haramu? Vipi kuhusu fedha itokanayo na rushwa? Na ina madhara gani kwenye uchumi? Kwani kuna tatizo gani kama nauza unga kisha natumia faida kujengea hospitali, shule za kisasa, hoteli etc na kutoa ajira?

hata hiyo ya ujenzi wa hospital, shule, hotel na kupeleka kwenye betting ni moja ya njia ya kusafisha hiizo hela kwa unakuwa umeficha chanzo cha hizo hela zako ndio maana inakubidi ufanye hivyo kingine hata kama walivyo fanya CDM kwenye ile M4C pale arusha kama mtu anajua kabisa ana hela za magumashi lazima azipeleke huko..
 
Kwahiyo fedha itokanayo na dawa za kulevya pekee ndiyo haramu? Vipi kuhusu fedha itokanayo na rushwa? Na ina madhara gani kwenye uchumi? Kwani kuna tatizo gani kama nauza unga kisha natumia faida kujengea hospitali, shule za kisasa, hoteli etc na kutoa ajira?
Hata fedha ya rushwa ni haramu. Katika nchi zinazofuata utawala wa kisheria kama umechukua hongo lazima ulipie kodi lakini wengi hawalipi kodi kwa sababu hawataki ijulikane kama wamepokea hongo.

Na ikithibitika kuwa umepokea hongo, kama Marekani, IRS (Internal Revenue Service) wanakufungulia mashtaka ya tax evasion. Ubaya wa kutumia madawa ya kulevya kujengea hospitali ni kwamba biashara yenyewe ni haramu.

Ni kama vile uwe madame wa danguro na fedha hizo utumie kujenga hoteli. Siku utakapogundulika unapelekwa mahakamani.
 

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