Kinga ya mimba na madhara yake kwa wanawake

[Candid Scope]

WANAWAKE wengi hasa waishio nchi zinazoendelea wamekuwa wakipanga uzazi kwa kutumia dawa wanazopewa na ushauri wa namna ya kuzitumia. Lengo la ushauri huo ni kuepuka kuzaa bila mpangilio huku wakiaminishwa kuwa dawa hizo zinawasaidia.

Dawa hizo licha kuwapatia madhara, lakini wengi wao wamekuwa wakikaa kimya na kuugulia madhara wanayoyapata, tena bila kujaza fomu ambazo baadhi ya watumiaji wamedai kuwa hawafahamu lolote kuhusiana nazo. Mbali na shirika hilo kutetea uhai nchini, pia huwa linazunguka barani Afrika kueleza na kutetea madhara yatokanayo na dawa hizo, utoaji mimba, elimu kwa vijana, usafi wa roho na mambo mengine.

Katika utafiti niliofanya mkoani Mbeya na vitongoji vyake, ukiandaliwa na kudhaminiwa na Shirika la Kutetea Uhai wa Binadamu Tanzania (PROLIFE), niligundua kuwapo kwa wanawake wengi ambao wamepata madhara baada ya matumizi ya dawa hizo. Kabla sijaendelea na namna utafiti ulivyofanyika na madhara waliyoyapata, nianze kwa kueleza aina ya dawa na vidhibiti mimba vitumiwavyo.

Kuna aina tano ya vidhibiti mimba, nazo ni vidonge vya majira vitumiavyo chachu za bandia za projestorini na estrojeni zilizotengenezwa katika maabara ambapo mwanamke humeza kila siku. Zipo aina mbalimbali za vidonge, majina ya vidonge hutegemea aina na kiwango cha chachu zilizowekwa.
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  [*=1|left]Vidonge vyenye chachu ya estrojeni pekee huitwa vidonge na
  
  [*=1|left]vidonge vyenye mchanganyiko wa chachu ya estrojeni na projestini huitwa vidonge mchanganyiko.

Vidonge vyenye chachu aina ya projestini pekee huitwa: Progestorene Only Pills (POP) au Low Dose Pill au Mini Pill. Leo hii vidhibiti mimba vingi vimetengenezwa kwa chachu hii pekee ambayo ni morning After Pills, RU486, Emmergency Contraceptives.Aina ya pili ni vipandikizi ambapo mashirika yanayoendeleza njia za kisasa za kupanga uzazi wanasifia vipandikizi, kama ni njia nzuri na salama kwa wanawake wanaotumia.

Mashirika hayo yanadai kuwa, njia hii ni rahisi kwani inaondoa ile adha ya kumeza vidonge kila siku, zoezi ambalo baadhi ya watumiaji husahau.Hii ni chachu au homoni iitwayo ‘levonorgestrel’ inayowekwa katika vifuko 6. Baada ya kuwekwa, huanza kufanya kazi saa 24 hadi miaka 5. Kila kifuko huwekwa mg 36 za chachu ya ‘crystalline levonorgestrel’ na kila kimoja kina urefu wa mm 34 na upana wa mm 2.4. Kiasi cha mg 30 ya projestini husambazwa katika damu kila siku.

Aina ya tatu ni kondomu inayotumika kwa mwanaume na mwanamke pia. Kwa kawaida kifaa hiki hubana kufuatana na umbile la mtu.Kondomu zimegawanyika katika aina tatu; ya kwanza ni zile zilizotengenezwa kwa utumbo wa kondoo zinazosemekana kuwa hazina uwezo mkubwa zikitumika kama kidhibiti mimba.

Aina ya pili ni zile zilizotengenezwa kutokana na mpira wa latex. Watengenezaji wanazisifia kuwa na ubora mkubwa zinapotumika au kama kidhibiti mimba au kwa lengo la kudhibiti kuenea kwa maambukizo ya magonjwa ya zinaa ikiwemi virusi vya ukimwi (VVU). Aina ya tatu ni kondomu zilizotengenezwa kutokana na mchanganyiko wa mpira na vitu vingine ziitwazo “polyurethane.” Soko la kondomu limepata umaarufu zaidi kuanzia miaka ya 1980 kufuatia kuzuka na kuenea kwa janga la ukimwi.

Aina ya nne ya vidhibiti mimba ni kitanzi. Hiki ni kifaa kidogo cha plastiki chenye vinyuzi mwishoni, ambacho huwekwa kwenye mji wa mimba kupitia uke. Mtumiaji anaweza kugusa nyuzi hizo kama anataka kujua kitanzi alichoweka bado kipo. Baadhi ya wanawake ambao nilipata kuzungumza nao baada ya Mkurugenzi wa Prolife, Emil Hagamu kutoa mafundisho, walieleza madhara na kusema kuwa mwanzo hawakujua wanaumwa nini, na matatizo yao yanatokana na nini.

Scola Yusuph alieleza: “Mimi nilitumia vidonge, lakini nikawa natoa harufu mbaya katika sehemu zangu za siri na nilipimwa nikaambiwa nina fangasi.” Naye Agness Raphaely anasema baada ya kutumia sindano aina ya depo provera akawa hajisikii hamu ya tendo la ndoa japo kabla ya kutumia alikuwa akifurahia.

Zawadi Kilembe ameeleza kuwa, alichoma sindano Januari 13 mwaka huu na akaanza kupata siku zake mfululizo hadi Aprili 17.Anasema alikuwa anaumwa sana kila siku hadi kufikia kulazwa, na kusema madhara mengine aliyopata ni kukonda, kichefuchefu, kichwa kuuma, kuumwa tumbo na chembe moyo.

Katika tafiti ya kwanza iliyoshirikisha zaidi ya wanawake 350, wanawake 150 kati yao walieleza madhara waliyoyapata kutokana na dawa hizo.Tafiti hii pia iliendelea hadi Mbeya vijijini ambako nilibahatika kukutana na wanawake wa Kanisa la Moravian katika Kijiji cha Igoma, ambao wanaeleza matatizo wanayoyapata baada ya kutumia dawa za uzazi wa mpango.

Elizabeth Brayson anasema baada ya kutumia vidonge alipata matatizo ya kuumwa kichwa na kutoka damu mfululizo. Anasema baada ya kupata shida hiyo, aliamua kwenda hospitali na kushauriwa abadilishe na kuweka vipandikizi maarufu vya vijiti. Imelda Mwakilasa anasema baada ya kuchoma sindano moja alikosa hamu ya tendo la ndoa hali iliyosababisha kuwa na mgogoro wa mara kwa mara na mumewe, na ilimchukua miaka minne na alipata kizunguzungu na kichwa kuuma, kiasi kwamba hata alipokunywa dawa kilikuwa hakiponi.

Hao ni baadhi tu ya wanawake ambao wameumizwa na matumizi ya dawa hizo. Mkurugenzi wa Prolife, Hagamu, anaeleza dhima nzima ya shirika hilo na kusema kuwa ni kulinda, kutetea na kudumisha uhai wa binadamu, kutetea hadhi na heshima yao kwani vidhibiti mimba vinaharibu hekalu la Mungu. Dhima nyingine ni kufundisha njia za uzazi wa mpango kupitia maumbile ya mwanamke, elimu ya usafi wa moyo, na kutengeneza taifa la mtetezi wa uhai.

Njia mbalimbali zitumikazo kuzuia mimba

[SUB]Fertility awareness-based methods—or natural family planning—are all about tracking your menstrual cycle to determine the days that you can get pregnant. The tricky part is actually knowing when those days are. To do that, you'll need to pay very close attention to your body and its patterns. Here we list all the different ways you can monitor your day-to-day fertility.

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"The Pill" is a pill. (How's that for stating the obvious?) Some people call it "oral contraception." You take it once a day, at the same time every day. There are lots of different kinds of pills on the market, and new ones come out all the time. They all work by releasing hormones that keep your ovaries from releasing eggs. The hormones also thicken your cervical mucus, which helps to block sperm from getting to the egg in the first place.

A female condom is a pouch you insert into your vagina. It's not the prettiest thing in the world (it looks a bit like a floppy, clear elephant trunk) but it does give you more control than a male condom when it comes to preventing STIs. Female condoms work the same way that male condoms do, except that you wear one on the inside instead of sticking it on a penis. They keep the guy's sperm inside the condom and out of your vagina.

A diaphragm is a shallow, dome-shaped cup made of latex or silicone. (Honestly, it looks like Meg Griffin's hat on The Family Guy. Except it's off-white and only a few inches in diameter.) You insert the diaphragm into your vagina. Then it covers your cervix and keeps sperm out of your uterus. One super important thing to remember: For a diaphragm to work effectively, you need to use it with spermicide. ​

 

[Candid Scope]

A cervical cap is silicone cup you insert in your vagina to cover your cervix and keep sperm out of your uterus. The "cap" part of the name is pretty dead on-the thing looks like a little rubber sailor's hat, maybe an inch and a half wide and one inch high. There's only one brand of cervical cap available in the U.S. today, and it's jauntily named the FemCap. One super important thing to remember: You need to use a cervical cap with spermicide for it to be most effective.