Activists vowed on Monday that former US president George Bush will face a torture case against him wherever he travels outside the United States.
Human rights groups had planned to lodge a Swiss criminal case against Bush on Monday, before his address to a Jewish charity in Geneva on February 12. Organisers cancelled his speech last weekend, invoking security concerns.
But the New York-based Centre for Constitutional Rights and the European Centre for Constitutional and Human Rights issued what they called a preliminary "indictment" to prosecute Bush abroad for the alleged torture of terrorism suspects in US custody.
"This document is not intended to serve as a comprehensive presentation of all evidence against Bush for torture; rather, it presents the fundamental aspects of the case against him, and a preliminary legal analysis of liability for torture, and a response to certain anticipated defenses," it read.
The 42-page "indictment" alleges torture through a CIA interrogation programme for detainees, approved by Bush, using enhanced methods including waterboarding, sleep deprivation, forced stress positions and confining detainees in a dark box.
"Our analysis can be modified for a particular plaintiff and country very quickly. So if he decides to leave the United States in the future, as soon as we hear about it we will have a complaint filed," Katherine Gallagher, senior staff attorney at the Center for Constitutional Rights, told Reuters.
"This is our way of putting him on notice," she said, adding that there were rumours that Bush would go to Canada in October.
The Swiss trip was to have been Bush's first abroad since his memoirs, Decision Points, were published last November, in which he admitted to ordering waterboarding. He strongly defended the technique, which simulates drowning, as key to preventing a repeat of the September 11 attacks on America.
"Unfortunately, we have yet to see any investigation into his admission in the United States, let alone prosecution. When you have such a blatant, unequivocal admission of the authorisation of torture, you just can't get away with it," Gallagher said.
Most human rights experts consider waterboarding a form of torture banned by the Convention on Torture, an international pact prohibiting torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment. Switzerland and the United States are among 147 countries to have ratified the 1987 treaty.
The human rights groups said Bush would not be entitled to immunity from prosecution as a former head of state. But Swiss officials said last week he would enjoy "a certain diplomatic immunity" in Switzerland.
Swiss law requires an alleged torturer to be on Swiss soil before a preliminary investigation can be opened, so the groups decided not to lodge their complaint in Geneva. They said it would have been on behalf of two torture victims at Guantánamo Bay.
Human rights groups had planned to lodge a Swiss criminal case against Bush on Monday, before his address to a Jewish charity in Geneva on February 12. Organisers cancelled his speech last weekend, invoking security concerns.
But the New York-based Centre for Constitutional Rights and the European Centre for Constitutional and Human Rights issued what they called a preliminary "indictment" to prosecute Bush abroad for the alleged torture of terrorism suspects in US custody.
"This document is not intended to serve as a comprehensive presentation of all evidence against Bush for torture; rather, it presents the fundamental aspects of the case against him, and a preliminary legal analysis of liability for torture, and a response to certain anticipated defenses," it read.
The 42-page "indictment" alleges torture through a CIA interrogation programme for detainees, approved by Bush, using enhanced methods including waterboarding, sleep deprivation, forced stress positions and confining detainees in a dark box.
"Our analysis can be modified for a particular plaintiff and country very quickly. So if he decides to leave the United States in the future, as soon as we hear about it we will have a complaint filed," Katherine Gallagher, senior staff attorney at the Center for Constitutional Rights, told Reuters.
"This is our way of putting him on notice," she said, adding that there were rumours that Bush would go to Canada in October.
The Swiss trip was to have been Bush's first abroad since his memoirs, Decision Points, were published last November, in which he admitted to ordering waterboarding. He strongly defended the technique, which simulates drowning, as key to preventing a repeat of the September 11 attacks on America.
"Unfortunately, we have yet to see any investigation into his admission in the United States, let alone prosecution. When you have such a blatant, unequivocal admission of the authorisation of torture, you just can't get away with it," Gallagher said.
Most human rights experts consider waterboarding a form of torture banned by the Convention on Torture, an international pact prohibiting torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment. Switzerland and the United States are among 147 countries to have ratified the 1987 treaty.
The human rights groups said Bush would not be entitled to immunity from prosecution as a former head of state. But Swiss officials said last week he would enjoy "a certain diplomatic immunity" in Switzerland.
Swiss law requires an alleged torturer to be on Swiss soil before a preliminary investigation can be opened, so the groups decided not to lodge their complaint in Geneva. They said it would have been on behalf of two torture victims at Guantánamo Bay.
